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Bio Exam Unit 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Mitochondria

A

Its cell’s primary site of energy production
found both plant and animals cell

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2
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Golgi Body

A

is an organelle that “helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.”
-Is found in both animal and plant cells
- located near the nucleus

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/golgi-body#:~:text=A%20Golgi%20body%2C%20also%20kno

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3
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

Where is the Nucleus and what does it do

A

The nucleus is the Control Center of the cell it contains DNA in the form of chromosomes and controls what the cell does and when

-It is located in plant and animal cells
In the middle of the cell

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4
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What does the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum do and were is it found

A

transports protein and carries out
protein synthesis
In both plant and animal cell
located near the Gogi body

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5
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What does the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum do and were is it found

A

transports lipids and carries out lipid synthesis
In both plants and animal cells
it is located near the cell periphery

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6
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

what is the Chloropast and were is it found

A
  • only found in plant cells
  • its located within the mesophyll of the plant cell
  • is responable for Photosynthsis
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7
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Cell Wall and were can it be found

A
  • A sturdy plasma membrane that provides strength structure and structure to the plant
  • Is only in a plant cell
  • is located on the outside of the cell
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8
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Large vacuole and were is it found

A

Is found in Plant cells
stores minerals within the cell

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9
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is a Ribosome and were can it be found

A

carries out most of the protein synthesis
in both plant and animals

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10
Q

stucture of a cell memberane

What is Pospholipids

A
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11
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is Transport proteins

A

facilitating translocation of water and solutes, such as inorganic ions, hormones, amino acids, sugars and other molecules, across biological membranes.

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12
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is Cholesterol

A

A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver, and found in the blood and in all cells of the body.

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13
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

what is Simple Diffusion

A

A process in which the substance moves through a semipermeable membrane or in a solution without any help from transport proteins

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14
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Facilitated Diffusion

A

a type of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.”

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15
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Osmosis

A

movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane.

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16
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Active Transport

A

an energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules

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17
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Bulk Transport

A

a mode of transport of large quantities of materials and food particles across the membrane

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18
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

what is Endocytosis in relation to Bulk Transport

A

invagination of large areas of plasma membrane to form endosomal-like compartments

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19
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Exocytosis in relation to Bulk Transport

A

Exocytosis is a process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior

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20
Q

Suface area to volume ratio

A

A greater surface area and smaler volume,or high SA:V, can help a cell Exchange materials effciently with the enviroment

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21
Q

Binary Fission

A

the process of one cell simply dividing into two

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

G1

A
  • Increasing the volume of cytosol
  • synthesising proteins for DNA replication
  • Replicating it’s organelles
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24
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

S

A

During S phase the cell replicates its DNA turing one chromsome into two

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25
# Eukaryotic Cell Cycle G2
G2 phase is the final stage of interphase where the cell continues to grow and prepare itself for mitosis
26
# Eukaryotic Cell Cycle M
Separation of sister chromatids and the formation of two new nuclei
27
# Eukaryotic Cell Cycle G0
Cell Resting Stage
28
# Phases of Mitosis What is Prophase
* Spindle fibers appear * chromosomes condense * breakdown of nuclear membrane
29
# Phases of Mitosis What is Metaphase
* Spindle fibres attached to chromosomes * Chromosomes align
30
# Phases of Mitosis What is Anaphase
* centromeres divide * sister cromatidesmove to opposite poles
31
# Phases of Mitosis What is Telophase
* Nuclear membrane reforms * chromosomes condense * spindle fibers disappear
32
# Phases of Mitosis What is Cytokinesis
* Surgical thesis is the third and final stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where the cell divides into two daughter cells In this stage the cyoplasm divdes and the organelles evenly distribute themselves before separating into two daughter cells.
33
DNA replication in S phase
During the s phase, the cell replicates its DNA turing one chromosome into two genetically identical sister chromatides. While sister chromatids are held together by centromere, the pair is regarded as a single chromosome. When the sister chromatids separate in mitosis, each chromatid is considered a single chromosomes
34
# Forms of DNA stucture What is Helix
35
# Forms of DNA stucture What is Chromatin
chromosomes (DNA and proteins) that have been unwound and loosely packed during interphase
36
# Forms of DNA stucture what is Condensed Cromosomes
37
# Regulation of the cell cycle What are the cell cycle checkpoints
38
# Apoptosis What is Intrinsic (internal)
39
# Apoptosis What is Extrinsic (external)
ex
40
# Apoptosis Consequence of too much
41
# Apoptosis Consequence of too little
42
# Stem Cells What is Potency
43
# Stem Cells What is Embryonic
a pluripotent stem cell present during the early stages of human development
44
# Stem Cells What is Adult
45
# Tissues, Organs, Systems Structure and Function of: Tissues in a leaf
46
# Tissues, Organs, Systems Structure and Function of: Xylem
47
# Tissues, Organs, Systems Structure and Function of: Stomata (Guard Cells)
small pores on the leaf's surface that open and close to regulates gas exchange
48
# Tissues, Organs, Systems Structure and Function of : Process of transpiration
a
49
# Homeostasis What is Purpose
50
# Homeostasis What is the Role of Hormones
a signalling molecule reseased from endocrine glands that regulates the grouth or activity of target cells
51
# Negative Feedback Model What is Stimulus
An event or molecule that can initiate a response
52
# Negative Feedback Model What is Receptor
53
# Negative Feedback Model What is Control Centre
54
# Negative Feedback Model What is Effector
55
# Negative Feedback Model What is Response
56
# Homestatic Regulation What is Blood glucose
57
# Homestatic Regulation What is Diabetes
58
# Key Science Skills What is IV
59
# Key Science Skills What is DV
60
# Key Science Skills What is Controlled Variables
61
# Key Science Skills What is Accuracy
62
# Key Science Skills What is Precision
63
# Key Science Skills What is Repeatabilty
64
# Key Science Skills What is Validity
65
# Key Science Skills What is Quantitive and Qualitative Data
66
What is positive feedback
a stimulus-respsonse process in which the response increses the stimulus
67
Stimulus Response
a model that describes how a system responds to a stimulus the
68
Negative Feedback
A stimulus-response process in which the response counters the stimulus
69
# Stem Cell Totipotent
70
pluripotent

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