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exam cards > Bio Exam Unit 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Bio Exam Unit 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Mitochondria

A

Its cell’s primary site of energy production
found both plant and animals cell

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2
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Golgi Body

A

is an organelle that “helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.”
-Is found in both animal and plant cells
- located near the nucleus

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/golgi-body#:~:text=A%20Golgi%20body%2C%20also%20kno

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3
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

Where is the Nucleus and what does it do

A

The nucleus is the Control Center of the cell it contains DNA in the form of chromosomes and controls what the cell does and when

-It is located in plant and animal cells
In the middle of the cell

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4
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What does the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum do and were is it found

A

transports protein and carries out
protein synthesis
In both plant and animal cell
located near the Gogi body

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5
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What does the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum do and were is it found

A

transports lipids and carries out lipid synthesis
In both plants and animal cells
it is located near the cell periphery

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6
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

what is the Chloropast and were is it found

A
  • only found in plant cells
  • its located within the mesophyll of the plant cell
  • is responable for Photosynthsis
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7
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Cell Wall and were can it be found

A
  • A sturdy plasma membrane that provides strength structure and structure to the plant
  • Is only in a plant cell
  • is located on the outside of the cell
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8
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is the Large vacuole and were is it found

A

Is found in Plant cells
stores minerals within the cell

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9
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is a Ribosome and were can it be found

A

carries out most of the protein synthesis
in both plant and animals

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10
Q

stucture of a cell memberane

What is Pospholipids

A
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11
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is Transport proteins

A

facilitating translocation of water and solutes, such as inorganic ions, hormones, amino acids, sugars and other molecules, across biological membranes.

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12
Q

Stucture and function of organelles

What is Cholesterol

A

A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver, and found in the blood and in all cells of the body.

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13
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

what is Simple Diffusion

A

A process in which the substance moves through a semipermeable membrane or in a solution without any help from transport proteins

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14
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Facilitated Diffusion

A

a type of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.”

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15
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Osmosis

A

movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane.

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16
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Active Transport

A

an energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules

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17
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Bulk Transport

A

a mode of transport of large quantities of materials and food particles across the membrane

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18
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

what is Endocytosis in relation to Bulk Transport

A

invagination of large areas of plasma membrane to form endosomal-like compartments

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19
Q

Transport across the cell membrane

What is Exocytosis in relation to Bulk Transport

A

Exocytosis is a process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior

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20
Q

Suface area to volume ratio

A

A greater surface area and smaler volume,or high SA:V, can help a cell Exchange materials effciently with the enviroment

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21
Q

Binary Fission

A

the process of one cell simply dividing into two

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

G1

A
  • Increasing the volume of cytosol
  • synthesising proteins for DNA replication
  • Replicating it’s organelles
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24
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

S

A

During S phase the cell replicates its DNA turing one chromsome into two

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25
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

G2

A

G2 phase is the final stage of interphase where the cell continues to grow and prepare itself for mitosis

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26
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

M

A

Separation of sister chromatids and the formation of two new nuclei

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27
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

G0

A

Cell Resting Stage

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28
Q

Phases of Mitosis

What is Prophase

A
  • Spindle fibers appear
  • chromosomes condense
  • breakdown of nuclear membrane
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29
Q

Phases of Mitosis

What is Metaphase

A
  • Spindle fibres attached to chromosomes
  • Chromosomes align
30
Q

Phases of Mitosis

What is Anaphase

A
  • centromeres divide
  • sister cromatidesmove to opposite poles
31
Q

Phases of Mitosis

What is Telophase

A
  • Nuclear membrane reforms
  • chromosomes condense
  • spindle fibers disappear
32
Q

Phases of Mitosis

What is Cytokinesis

A
  • Surgical thesis is the third and final stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where the cell divides into two daughter cells
    In this stage the cyoplasm divdes and the organelles evenly distribute themselves before separating into two daughter cells.
33
Q

DNA replication in S phase

A

During the s phase, the cell replicates its DNA turing one chromosome into two genetically identical sister chromatides. While sister chromatids are held together by centromere, the pair is regarded as a single chromosome. When the sister chromatids separate in mitosis, each chromatid is considered a single chromosomes

34
Q

Forms of DNA stucture

What is Helix

A
35
Q

Forms of DNA stucture

What is Chromatin

A

chromosomes (DNA and proteins) that have been unwound and loosely packed during interphase

36
Q

Forms of DNA stucture

what is Condensed Cromosomes

A
37
Q

Regulation of the cell cycle

What are the cell cycle checkpoints

A
38
Q

Apoptosis

What is Intrinsic (internal)

A
39
Q

Apoptosis

What is Extrinsic (external)

A

ex

40
Q

Apoptosis

Consequence of too much

A
41
Q

Apoptosis

Consequence of too little

A
42
Q

Stem Cells

What is Potency

A
43
Q

Stem Cells

What is Embryonic

A

a pluripotent stem cell present during the early stages of human development

44
Q

Stem Cells

What is Adult

A
45
Q

Tissues, Organs, Systems

Structure and Function of: Tissues in a leaf

A
46
Q

Tissues, Organs, Systems

Structure and Function of: Xylem

A
47
Q

Tissues, Organs, Systems

Structure and Function of: Stomata (Guard Cells)

A

small pores on the leaf’s surface that open and close to regulates gas exchange

48
Q

Tissues, Organs, Systems

Structure and Function of : Process of transpiration

A

a

49
Q

Homeostasis

What is Purpose

A
50
Q

Homeostasis

What is the Role of Hormones

A

a signalling molecule reseased from endocrine glands that regulates the grouth or activity of target cells

51
Q

Negative Feedback Model

What is Stimulus

A

An event or molecule that can initiate a response

52
Q

Negative Feedback Model

What is Receptor

A
53
Q

Negative Feedback Model

What is Control Centre

A
54
Q

Negative Feedback Model

What is Effector

A
55
Q

Negative Feedback Model

What is Response

A
56
Q

Homestatic Regulation

What is Blood glucose

A
57
Q

Homestatic Regulation

What is Diabetes

A
58
Q

Key Science Skills

What is IV

A
59
Q

Key Science Skills

What is DV

A
60
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Controlled Variables

A
61
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Accuracy

A
62
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Precision

A
63
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Repeatabilty

A
64
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Validity

A
65
Q

Key Science Skills

What is Quantitive and Qualitative Data

A
66
Q

What is positive feedback

A

a stimulus-respsonse process in which the response increses the stimulus

67
Q

Stimulus Response

A

a model that describes how a system responds to a stimulus

the

68
Q

Negative Feedback

A

A stimulus-response process in which the response counters the stimulus

69
Q

Stem Cell

Totipotent

A
70
Q

pluripotent

A

exam cards (2 decks)

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