BIO EXAM Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
Interkenesis is different from interphase in which way?
A
Interphase involves DNA replication and Interkinesis does not
2
Q
Which does NOT occur in meiosis?
A
two daughter cells at completion
3
Q
Why do polar bodies form?
A
They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg
4
Q
In human females, when is meiosis II completed?
A
Immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte
5
Q
Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?
A
testes
6
Q
Which is not true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis?
A
In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical
7
Q
During______ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring.
A
During______ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring.
8
Q
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
A
prophase I
9
Q
Homologous chromosomes are similar in all of these characteristics EXCEPT:
A
carry the same alleles for all traits
10
Q
During which stage of meiosis does the homologous separation occur?
A
anaphase I
11
Q
The particulate theory of inheritance
A
two of the above
12
Q
which is associated with the inability to produce factor VIII in the blood?
A
Hemophilia A
13
Q
If black fur is produced by a recessive allele, which genotype is likely to produce a black individual?
A
bb
14
Q
Which of the following disorders is not an X-linked trait?
A
All are
15
Q
When a round fruit plant is crossed with a long fruit plant their offspring are oval.
A
Incomplete dominance
16
Q
Which of the following is NOT a trait that is the result of, or is affected by, the interaction of more than one gene?
A
sickle cell anemia
17
Q
The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotypes
A
Aa and aa
18
Q
Tongue roller one
A
yes; TtEe ttee
19
Q
Women with X-linked disorders pass genes for the disorder to ______, while men with x-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to_____
A
both their daughter and sons; only their daughters
20
Q
which generation is always completely heterozygous
A
F1 Generation
21
Q
What are alleles
A
Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait
22
Q
A testcross involves an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype being crossed with an individual that has a _____ genotype
A
Homozygous recessive
23
Q
In the use of a punnett square for genetic results of crossing individuals
A
All choices are correct
24
Q
BRUHHHH LONG Question
A
No answer
25
Bacteria with rats question
live R strain and dead S strain; died
26
Nucleotides contain all of the following except:
histones
27
DNA replication is considered semiconservative because
it uses the original strand as a template for replication
28
Which is NOT true about the genetic code?
Most amino acids have only one codon
29
Codons:
All choices are correct
30
AAGCAA
TTCGTT
31
During the elongation of a polypeptide chain, _____ occurs when the mRNA moves to the next site on the ribosome to read the next codon
Translocation
32
A _____ is a group of three bases on tRNA that is complimentary to a specific mRNA codon
anticodon
33
Which of the following statements applies to the semiconservative natures of DNA replication?
the old strand serve as a template for the new strand
34
Determine the number of codon sequences it requires to produce the following amino acid sequence: alanine - proline - serine - isoleucine - stop.
5
35
If a DNA sample contains 13% adenine, what percentage of the sample contains cytosine?
37%
36
In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the "steps" of the are composed of
a purine and pyrimidine
37
A man with Type AB blood marries a woman with type O blood. Which of the following blood is not possible in their offspring
A,B.
38
Arnold and Dolly Parton question
50%
39
In peas, yellow seeds are dominant over greens seeds. What is the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratio when two heterozygous yellow seeded plants are crossed?
1:2:1 genotype; 3:1 phenotype
40
In pea plants, purple flowers dominant over white flowers, and green pods are dominant over yellow pods. What is the phenotypic ratio when two heterozygous individuals are crossed?
9:3:3:1
41
Why are plants green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum
42
The fixation of carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle is facilitated by which enzyme?
RuBP carboxylase
43
During the light reactions, what structure is responsible for absorbing the solar energy?
stoma
44
Photorespiration occurs mainly in
C3 plants
45
To what does the term stroma refer?
the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange
46
what are the end products of photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbohydrate
47
which of the following organism are capable of photosynthesis?
plant, algae, and some bacteria
48
to what does the term grana refer?
a stack of thylakoid membranes
49
What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?
Chloroplast
50
Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?
Carbon dioxide fixation
51
Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct
the co2 is absorbed and used to form ATP
52
Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol
glycolysis
53
Complete oxidation breakdown of glucose results in _____ ATP molecules
36
54
The first phase of cellular respiration is
glycolysis
55
Which process produces alcohol and lactate?
Fermentation
56
Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?
electron transport system
57
Acetyl CoA is produced from
pyruvate and CoA
58
The correct sequence for the aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
glycolysis---- prep reaction--- citric acid cycle--- electron chain
59
Which of the following best describes a CAM plant
two of these
60
The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in
the citric acid cycle
61
The prep reaction converts
pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide
62
Cancer cells require many nutrients which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new vessels into cancerous tissue is called
Angiogenesis
63
Apoptosis
All choices are correct
64
Virtually all of the specialized cells of multicellular organisms
have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells
65
If a parent has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?
48 chromosomes
66
Interphase
All choices are correct
67
Male honeybees are haploid while females are diploid. Based on this information, which of the following are true statements?
Only A and B are true
68
The function of mitosis is
All choices are correct
69
The diploid number of chromosomes for a human being is
46
70
Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
71
Which sequence of the mitotic stages is correct?
prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
72
what occurs in anaphase
Chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles
73
Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because
All choices are correct
74
Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?
They exhibit contact inhibition
75
Which stage of the cell cycle focuses on cell growth, replication of organelles, and the accumulation of material for synthesizing DNA?
G1 phase
76
Which of the following is the use of anaerobic respiration?
All of these
77
Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration
false
78
Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago.
True
79
Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves which of the following?
light reaction, splitting water, and Calvin Cycle
80
List three ways Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are alike
both have an electron transport chain, both have a cycle step
81
What is the smallest unit of living matter?
cell
82
Which of the following organelles is found uniquely in autotrophic, eukaryotic cells and not heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplasts
83
After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported?
golgi apparatus
84
Which is NOT true about the cell theory?
It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
85
Which cell would NOT have a cell wall
animal
86
Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells?
nucleoid region
87
Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?
Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles
88
According to the endosymbiosis theory ________ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells
Mitochondrion
89
________ are to ribosomes as lipids are to ________.
Proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
90
The plant cell's central vacuole
All of the choices are correct.
91
What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein?
ribosome
92
Which cellular organelle is the most prominent?
nucleus
93
Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect?
The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.
94
Active transport
requires an input of ATP.
95
In a phospholipid bilayer, the
phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.
96
Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
initiating the replication of the genetic material
97
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
98
What is the function of the lysosome?
removal of waste and used up organelles
99
The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include
production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.
100
Your instructor has given you a slide with a set of cells for you to identify as plant animal or bacteria. What features would you be looking for if you wanted to identify the plant cells?
all of these
101
The movement of substances from across a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ____________.
Diffusion
102
Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of
facilitated transport.
103
Freshwater protozoans react to a/an ________ environment by removing water through ________.
hypotonic, a contractile vacuole
104
Cells placed in a ____________________ solution will remain unchanged.
isotonic
105
The sum of the chemical reaction in a cell constitute
metabolism.
106
Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example?
kinetic energy: fat molecules
107
Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.
108
A living organism represents stored energy in the form of chemical compounds. When an organism dies, what happens to this stored energy?
The chemical compounds in cells lose their organization over time because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain the organized state.
109
Endergonic reactions
can only occur if there is an input of energy.
110
Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is
used to drive an endergonic reaction.
111
ATP is considered to be
a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond.
112
Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme?
An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration.
113
Which statement is NOT true about enzyme inhibition?
All of the statements are true.
114
In a chemical equation or reaction, the _________________ are found on the RIGHT side of the arrow
products
115
Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to exclusive.
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
116
Which of the following domains contains the most primitive prokaryotes that live in extreme environments?
Archaea
117
Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the unifying theories of biology?
Life may arise through spontaneous generation.
118
Which of the following does NOT represent homeostasis?
Energy is captured by plants, then transferred to consumers and decomposers, and eventually lost as heat.
119
Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?
atom, molecule, organelle, cell
120
Single-celled prokaryotes
All of the choices are correct.
121
Which of the following organisms is NOT ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?
All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun.
122
What type of information does science provide for society?
information about the natural world
123
A doctor is testing the effectiveness of a new antibiotic. He gives the first group of patients a placebo, a second group receives antibiotic A while the third group receives antibiotic B. Which of the groups is considered the control group?
the group that received the placebo
124
One classic definition of life is "a self-replicating molecular assemblage." However, clay particles (in clay soil) contain layered aluminum and iron compounds that determine the pattern of the adjacent layers of sediment. This is technically a self-replicating molecular assemblage.
It is not living because it is a simple repetitive process without the ability to evolve or respond to the environment.
125
A cell is to tissue as an atom is to a
molecule.
126
Organisms belonging to the same ________ would be the most closely related.
family
127
Which definition best describes a population?
the members of a species in a given area
128
Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most common elements in living organisms?
iron
129
Which is NOT true about the electrical charges in chemistry?
In an atom, the number of protons and neutrons must be equal.
130
An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of
protons and neutrons it contains.
131
Both 18O and 16O are found in nature. However, 16O is the most common. Therefore,
oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons.
132
In a water molecule,
All of the choices are correct.
133
Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom.
134
Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?
An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element.
135
As a solid, water floats. This means that
All of the choices are correct.
136
Human stomach acid has a pH of about 2.4. This is
very acidic
137
If you place the corner of a paper towel into a droplet of water the water moves across the paper towel. Which of the following would explain the movement of the water?
both cohesion and adhesion
138
The electrons are unequally shared in ________, and transferred in ________.
CH4, Na+Cl-
139
Which term refers to the attraction to water molecules?
hydrophilic
140
Which substances are on the basic side of the pH scale?
baking soda, oven cleaner and human blood
141
Which functional group will attach to a hydrocarbon chain to form alcohol?
hydroxyl
142
Due to an increased risk of heart disease many doctors have suggested shifting our diet to include more oils instead of fats. As you cook dinner tonight the recipe calls for 2 tbs of oil. What is the most likely source of the oil you should use in preparing your meal?
canola or olives
143
Which of the following is NOT a protein function?
insulation
144
Which of the following is a function of a steroid?
sex hormone
145
If a segment of DNA has 20% adenine in its base composition, what percent thymine is there?
20%
146
What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide?
pentose sugar, phosphate and nitrogen-containing base
147
A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?
simple sugars
148
Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?
cellulose
149
A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?
protein
150
A dehydration reaction can also be called a (an) _________ reaction since it forms water.
condensation
151
Which statement is true about RNA?
One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.
152
A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic
except when it has an attached ionized functional group.
153
Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in
all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.
154
The study of life is called
biology
