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BIO EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

Interkenesis is different from interphase in which way?

A

Interphase involves DNA replication and Interkinesis does not

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2
Q

Which does NOT occur in meiosis?

A

two daughter cells at completion

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3
Q

Why do polar bodies form?

A

They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg

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4
Q

In human females, when is meiosis II completed?

A

Immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte

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5
Q

Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?

A

testes

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6
Q

Which is not true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis?

A

In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical

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7
Q

During______ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring.

A

During______ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring.

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8
Q

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

A

prophase I

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9
Q

Homologous chromosomes are similar in all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

A

carry the same alleles for all traits

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10
Q

During which stage of meiosis does the homologous separation occur?

A

anaphase I

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11
Q

The particulate theory of inheritance

A

two of the above

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12
Q

which is associated with the inability to produce factor VIII in the blood?

A

Hemophilia A

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13
Q

If black fur is produced by a recessive allele, which genotype is likely to produce a black individual?

A

bb

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14
Q

Which of the following disorders is not an X-linked trait?

A

All are

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15
Q

When a round fruit plant is crossed with a long fruit plant their offspring are oval.

A

Incomplete dominance

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a trait that is the result of, or is affected by, the interaction of more than one gene?

A

sickle cell anemia

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17
Q

The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotypes

A

Aa and aa

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18
Q

Tongue roller one

A

yes; TtEe ttee

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19
Q

Women with X-linked disorders pass genes for the disorder to ______, while men with x-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to_____

A

both their daughter and sons; only their daughters

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20
Q

which generation is always completely heterozygous

A

F1 Generation

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21
Q

What are alleles

A

Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait

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22
Q

A testcross involves an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype being crossed with an individual that has a _____ genotype

A

Homozygous recessive

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23
Q

In the use of a punnett square for genetic results of crossing individuals

A

All choices are correct

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24
Q

BRUHHHH LONG Question

A

No answer

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25
Q

Bacteria with rats question

A

live R strain and dead S strain; died

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26
Q

Nucleotides contain all of the following except:

A

histones

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27
Q

DNA replication is considered semiconservative because

A

it uses the original strand as a template for replication

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28
Q

Which is NOT true about the genetic code?

A

Most amino acids have only one codon

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29
Q

Codons:

A

All choices are correct

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30
Q

AAGCAA

A

TTCGTT

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31
Q

During the elongation of a polypeptide chain, _____ occurs when the mRNA moves to the next site on the ribosome to read the next codon

A

Translocation

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32
Q

A _____ is a group of three bases on tRNA that is complimentary to a specific mRNA codon

A

anticodon

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33
Q

Which of the following statements applies to the semiconservative natures of DNA replication?

A

the old strand serve as a template for the new strand

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34
Q

Determine the number of codon sequences it requires to produce the following amino acid sequence: alanine - proline - serine - isoleucine - stop.

A

5

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35
Q

If a DNA sample contains 13% adenine, what percentage of the sample contains cytosine?

A

37%

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36
Q

In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the “steps” of the are composed of

A

a purine and pyrimidine

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37
Q

A man with Type AB blood marries a woman with type O blood. Which of the following blood is not possible in their offspring

A

A,B.

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38
Q

Arnold and Dolly Parton question

A

50%

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39
Q

In peas, yellow seeds are dominant over greens seeds. What is the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratio when two heterozygous yellow seeded plants are crossed?

A

1:2:1 genotype; 3:1 phenotype

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40
Q

In pea plants, purple flowers dominant over white flowers, and green pods are dominant over yellow pods. What is the phenotypic ratio when two heterozygous individuals are crossed?

A

9:3:3:1

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41
Q

Why are plants green?

A

They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum

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42
Q

The fixation of carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle is facilitated by which enzyme?

A

RuBP carboxylase

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43
Q

During the light reactions, what structure is responsible for absorbing the solar energy?

A

stoma

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44
Q

Photorespiration occurs mainly in

A

C3 plants

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45
Q

To what does the term stroma refer?

A

the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange

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46
Q

what are the end products of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen and carbohydrate

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47
Q

which of the following organism are capable of photosynthesis?

A

plant, algae, and some bacteria

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48
Q

to what does the term grana refer?

A

a stack of thylakoid membranes

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49
Q

What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?

A

Chloroplast

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50
Q

Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide fixation

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51
Q

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct

A

the co2 is absorbed and used to form ATP

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52
Q

Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol

A

glycolysis

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53
Q

Complete oxidation breakdown of glucose results in _____ ATP molecules

A

36

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54
Q

The first phase of cellular respiration is

A

glycolysis

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55
Q

Which process produces alcohol and lactate?

A

Fermentation

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56
Q

Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?

A

electron transport system

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57
Q

Acetyl CoA is produced from

A

pyruvate and CoA

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58
Q

The correct sequence for the aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

A

glycolysis—- prep reaction— citric acid cycle— electron chain

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59
Q

Which of the following best describes a CAM plant

A

two of these

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60
Q

The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A

the citric acid cycle

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61
Q

The prep reaction converts

A

pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide

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62
Q

Cancer cells require many nutrients which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new vessels into cancerous tissue is called

A

Angiogenesis

63
Q

Apoptosis

A

All choices are correct

64
Q

Virtually all of the specialized cells of multicellular organisms

A

have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells

65
Q

If a parent has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?

A

48 chromosomes

66
Q

Interphase

A

All choices are correct

67
Q

Male honeybees are haploid while females are diploid. Based on this information, which of the following are true statements?

A

Only A and B are true

68
Q

The function of mitosis is

A

All choices are correct

69
Q

The diploid number of chromosomes for a human being is

A

46

70
Q

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

A

G1, S, G2, M

71
Q

Which sequence of the mitotic stages is correct?

A

prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

72
Q

what occurs in anaphase

A

Chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles

73
Q

Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because

A

All choices are correct

74
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?

A

They exhibit contact inhibition

75
Q

Which stage of the cell cycle focuses on cell growth, replication of organelles, and the accumulation of material for synthesizing DNA?

A

G1 phase

76
Q

Which of the following is the use of anaerobic respiration?

A

All of these

77
Q

Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration

A

false

78
Q

Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago.

A

True

79
Q

Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves which of the following?

A

light reaction, splitting water, and Calvin Cycle

80
Q

List three ways Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are alike

A

both have an electron transport chain, both have a cycle step

81
Q

What is the smallest unit of living matter?

A

cell

82
Q

Which of the following organelles is found uniquely in autotrophic, eukaryotic cells and not heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells?

A

Chloroplasts

83
Q

After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported?

A

golgi apparatus

84
Q

Which is NOT true about the cell theory?

A

It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.

85
Q

Which cell would NOT have a cell wall

A

animal

86
Q

Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells?

A

nucleoid region

87
Q

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?

A

Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles

88
Q

According to the endosymbiosis theory ________ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells

A

Mitochondrion

89
Q

________ are to ribosomes as lipids are to ________.

A

Proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

90
Q

The plant cell’s central vacuole

A

All of the choices are correct.

91
Q

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein?

A

ribosome

92
Q

Which cellular organelle is the most prominent?

A

nucleus

93
Q

Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect?

A

The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.

94
Q

Active transport

A

requires an input of ATP.

95
Q

In a phospholipid bilayer, the

A

phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.

96
Q

Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?

A

initiating the replication of the genetic material

97
Q

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?

A

Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.

98
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

removal of waste and used up organelles

99
Q

The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include

A

production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.

100
Q

Your instructor has given you a slide with a set of cells for you to identify as plant animal or bacteria. What features would you be looking for if you wanted to identify the plant cells?

A

all of these

101
Q

The movement of substances from across a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ____________.

A

Diffusion

102
Q

Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of

A

facilitated transport.

103
Q

Freshwater protozoans react to a/an ________ environment by removing water through ________.

A

hypotonic, a contractile vacuole

104
Q

Cells placed in a ____________________ solution will remain unchanged.

A

isotonic

105
Q

The sum of the chemical reaction in a cell constitute

A

metabolism.

106
Q

Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example?

A

kinetic energy: fat molecules

107
Q

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.

108
Q

A living organism represents stored energy in the form of chemical compounds. When an organism dies, what happens to this stored energy?

A

The chemical compounds in cells lose their organization over time because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain the organized state.

109
Q

Endergonic reactions

A

can only occur if there is an input of energy.

110
Q

Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is

A

used to drive an endergonic reaction.

111
Q

ATP is considered to be

A

a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond.

112
Q

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme?

A

An enzyme’s activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration.

113
Q

Which statement is NOT true about enzyme inhibition?

A

All of the statements are true.

114
Q

In a chemical equation or reaction, the _________________ are found on the RIGHT side of the arrow

A

products

115
Q

Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to exclusive.

A

Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

116
Q

Which of the following domains contains the most primitive prokaryotes that live in extreme environments?

A

Archaea

117
Q

Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the unifying theories of biology?

A

Life may arise through spontaneous generation.

118
Q

Which of the following does NOT represent homeostasis?

A

Energy is captured by plants, then transferred to consumers and decomposers, and eventually lost as heat.

119
Q

Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell

120
Q

Single-celled prokaryotes

A

All of the choices are correct.

121
Q

Which of the following organisms is NOT ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?

A

All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun.

122
Q

What type of information does science provide for society?

A

information about the natural world

123
Q

A doctor is testing the effectiveness of a new antibiotic. He gives the first group of patients a placebo, a second group receives antibiotic A while the third group receives antibiotic B. Which of the groups is considered the control group?

A

the group that received the placebo

124
Q

One classic definition of life is “a self-replicating molecular assemblage.” However, clay particles (in clay soil) contain layered aluminum and iron compounds that determine the pattern of the adjacent layers of sediment. This is technically a self-replicating molecular assemblage.

A

It is not living because it is a simple repetitive process without the ability to evolve or respond to the environment.

125
Q

A cell is to tissue as an atom is to a

A

molecule.

126
Q

Organisms belonging to the same ________ would be the most closely related.

A

family

127
Q

Which definition best describes a population?

A

the members of a species in a given area

128
Q

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most common elements in living organisms?

A

iron

129
Q

Which is NOT true about the electrical charges in chemistry?

A

In an atom, the number of protons and neutrons must be equal.

130
Q

An atom’s atomic mass is best described as the mass of

A

protons and neutrons it contains.

131
Q

Both 18O and 16O are found in nature. However, 16O is the most common. Therefore,

A

oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons.

132
Q

In a water molecule,

A

All of the choices are correct.

133
Q

Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds?

A

Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom.

134
Q

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?

A

An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element.

135
Q

As a solid, water floats. This means that

A

All of the choices are correct.

136
Q

Human stomach acid has a pH of about 2.4. This is

A

very acidic

137
Q

If you place the corner of a paper towel into a droplet of water the water moves across the paper towel. Which of the following would explain the movement of the water?

A

both cohesion and adhesion

138
Q

The electrons are unequally shared in ________, and transferred in ________.

A

CH4, Na+Cl-

139
Q

Which term refers to the attraction to water molecules?

A

hydrophilic

140
Q

Which substances are on the basic side of the pH scale?

A

baking soda, oven cleaner and human blood

141
Q

Which functional group will attach to a hydrocarbon chain to form alcohol?

A

hydroxyl

142
Q

Due to an increased risk of heart disease many doctors have suggested shifting our diet to include more oils instead of fats. As you cook dinner tonight the recipe calls for 2 tbs of oil. What is the most likely source of the oil you should use in preparing your meal?

A

canola or olives

143
Q

Which of the following is NOT a protein function?

A

insulation

144
Q

Which of the following is a function of a steroid?

A

sex hormone

145
Q

If a segment of DNA has 20% adenine in its base composition, what percent thymine is there?

A

20%

146
Q

What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide?

A

pentose sugar, phosphate and nitrogen-containing base

147
Q

A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

A

simple sugars

148
Q

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?

A

cellulose

149
Q

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

A

protein

150
Q

A dehydration reaction can also be called a (an) _________ reaction since it forms water.

A

condensation

151
Q

Which statement is true about RNA?

A

One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.

152
Q

A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic

A

except when it has an attached ionized functional group.

153
Q

Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in

A

all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.

154
Q

The study of life is called

A

biology

College Biology (1 decks)

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