bio exam 2

Question 1

macromolecules

Answer 1

large molecules

Question 2

polymer

Answer 2

large molecules consisting of many similar units of molecules. ex. polypropylene, plastic, carbs, proteins

Question 3

monomer

Answer 3

single molecules that make up the repeating unit of a polymer

Question 4

enzyme

Answer 4

catalyst that’s usually a protein that speeds up chemical reactions like those that break down polymers

Question 5

catalyst

Answer 5

speeds up chemical reactions but is not consumed in the reaction

Question 6

2 kinds of chemical reactions

Answer 6

dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions

Question 7

dehydration reaction

Answer 7

used to join monomers to make polymers

Question 8

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 8

“water split” a reaction in which water is chemically added to a polymer by an enzyme which splits the polymer apart where 2 carbons have been bonded

Question 9

types of macromolecules

Answer 9

carbs, proteins, nucleic acids (polymers), and lipids (not polymers)

Question 10

carbohydrates

Answer 10

sugars and polymers of sugars

Question 11

sugar

Answer 11

molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 12

glucose

Answer 12

C6H12O6 multiple of 6 or evenly divisible by 6 into CH20 most common monosaccharide

Question 13

monosaccharide

Answer 13

single sugar molecule

Question 14

disaccharide

Answer 14

double sugar molecule formed by a dehydration reaction of 2 monosaccharides

Question 15

polysaccharide

Answer 15

sugar polymers, storage molecules that have structural roles in plants

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

non-polar, hydrophobic hydrocarbons, fats oils phospholipids and steroids

Question 17

oils

Answer 17

lipids that are unsaturated fats and liquids at room temp

Question 18

fat

Answer 18

lipid that’s saturated and solid at room temp

Question 19

triglyceride

Answer 19

glycerol and 3 fatty acids that form lipids (looks like an E)

Question 20

unsaturated fats

Answer 20

carbon chains in fatty acids not completely filled by hydrogen, contains some double bonds, makes chains kink and less dense

Question 21

phospholipid

Answer 21

phosphate + lipid, phosphate

Question 22

steroids

Answer 22

lipids that consist of a carbon skeleton with 4 fused carbon rings

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

molecule that consists of one or more amino acids strung together in polymers

Question 24

amino acids

Answer 24

organic molecules with amino and carboxyl groups

Question 25

nucleic acid

Answer 25

polymer made of repeating units called nucleotides

Question 26

prokaryote

Answer 26

cells without membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 27

eukaryote

Answer 27

plant animal and fungus cells that have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 28

both cells have 4 things

Answer 28

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and ribosomes