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bio exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

B4 stored energy can be used, the energy in carbohydrates and lipids must be transferred to ______

A

ATP molecules

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2
Q

What do amino acids, nucleotides and simple sugars have in common?

A

they are all monomers

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3
Q

which part of the cell synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins?

A

smooth ER (or lysosomes sometimes)

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4
Q

What organelle synthesizes amino acids to create proteins?

A

ribosomes

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5
Q

What do water and oxygen have in common? (making them necessities or life)

A

required for metabolism

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6
Q

what macromolecule makes up the cells membrane?

A

lipids

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7
Q

how do cells get energy they need for life processes?

A

energy from carbohydrates and lipids is transferred to ATP

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8
Q

which organelle is in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

what type of cells are these, cell walls and membrane bound organelles.

A

plant cells

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10
Q

what type of cell has a nucleoid region?

A

prokaryotic cells

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11
Q

what organelle is always apart of a plant cell and can sometimes be apart of a prokaryotic cell?

A

cell wall or nucleus

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12
Q

what is a major difference between bacteria and eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes are more complex cells

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13
Q

what is a major difference between viruses and bacteria

A

viruses are way smaller than bacteria

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14
Q

the 8 levels of classification from general to specific are ______

A

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

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15
Q

the thick walled protective structure that allows prokaryotes to survive for hundreds of years is ______

A

the endospore

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16
Q

what is a cyanobacteria

A

aquatic, autotrophic bacteria

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17
Q

what is not a source of genetic variation

A

adaptions

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18
Q

what is a vestigial structure?

A

a structure that is no longer useful

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19
Q

what domain contain unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments?

A

archaea

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20
Q

to which domain do animals, plants, fungi, and protists belong to?

A

eukarya

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21
Q

natural selections requires _____

A

genetic variation to produce adaptions

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22
Q

which two kingdoms have autotrophs

A

protista and plantae

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23
Q

which kingdom has consumers with cell walls of chitin?

A

fungi

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24
Q

which of the following characteristics of life most accurately applies to all viruses?

A

had DNA/RNA

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25
Q

which organelle is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

ribosomes

26
Q

what organelle provides the instructions for proteins?

A

nucleus

27
Q

which of the following is a source of genetic variation?

A

mutations

28
Q

which of the following kingdoms is completely made of prokaryotic organisms

A

archaebacteria

29
Q

which domain consists of ancient prokaryotes

A

archaea

30
Q

what can cyanobacteria do that most bacteria cant?

A

photosynthesize

31
Q

which one of these is a macroscopic, multicellular protist?

A

kelp

32
Q

which 2 organisms could live together mutualistically to make a lichen?

A

a fungus and a protist

33
Q

where is the thickest cuticle on a plant

A

the leaves

34
Q

when a seed germinates, it ______

A

begins to grow

35
Q

what part of the flower contains the ovules (eggs)

A

ovary

36
Q

the ovule develops into a _____

A

seed

37
Q

where does digestion occur for most animals

A

in their gut

38
Q

what is the most complex body cavity?

A

coelom

39
Q

what is a characteristic of organisms in the phylum cnidaria?

A

presence of nematocysts

40
Q

radial symmetry, no circulatory system, and a nerve net

A

cnidaria

41
Q

if you captured an organism and observed it changing forms from polyp into medusa, how would you classify it?

A

cnidaria

42
Q

pseudocoelom and bilateral symmetry

A

nematoda

43
Q

how do animals in the cnidaria phylum obtain energy?

A

they paralyze prey with stinging cells and digest them in a body cavity

44
Q

coelom, bilateral symmetry, and a segmented body.

A

annelid

45
Q

the building blocks of carbohydrates are ______

A

monosaccharides

46
Q

what begins the assembly of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

47
Q

which cells contain cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a cell membrane

A

both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

48
Q

the genetic material of the virus is inactive within the host cell during _____

A

the lysogenic cycle

49
Q

all protists are ________

A

eukaryotic but no protist has specialized tissues

50
Q

which kingdom consists mostly of multicellular decomposers with cells walls?

A

fungi

51
Q

all plants are divided into 2 groups called ________

A

vascular and nonvascular plants

52
Q

what provides protection for seeds?

A

fruit

53
Q

the primary function of plants leaves is to ______

A

photosynthesize

54
Q

what happens during germination?

A

a seed is made

55
Q

what is true of kingdom protista?

A

they all have a nucleus

56
Q

what type of body cavity do round worms have?

A

pseudocoelomate

57
Q

what phylum does not have nervous tissue?

A

porifera

58
Q

how do sponges catch their food?

A

collar cells

59
Q

what type of symmetry do adult echinoderms have?

A

radial

60
Q

which animals have coeloms

A

mollusks

61
Q

all animals except for _____ have nervous tissues

A

poriferans

exams (4 decks)

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