bio exam Flashcards
what is the overall purpose of the digestive system
to break down nutrient molecules that we take in into absorbable molecules to provide energy for our body for growth, repair, movement etc.
why do living organisms need food
the organisms require food because its breakdown releases energy and the nutrients support proper growth and development
stomach
takes food from the esophagus and breaks down the food then passes it on to the small intestine
large intestines
absorbs water and electrolytes and produces/absorbs vitamins. propells feces toward the rectum for elimination
small intestines
helps further digest food coming from the stomach which absorbs nutrients for the body
pancreas
produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels and produces enzyme that breaks down proteins and produces sodium bicarbonate
gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile from the liver, bile released into small intestine helps body breakdown food
esophagus
allow for the passage of material from the mouth and throat to stomach
epiglottis
allowing air to pass into the larynx and lungs. When a person swallows the epiglottis folds backward to cover the entrance of the larynx so food and liquid do not enter the windpipe and lungs
where does digestion begin
digestion begins in the mouth. saliva in the mouth as well as chewing from teeth helps breakdown carbs into sugars
difference between chemical and mechanical digestion in the mouth/stomach
chemical- saliva, contains enzyme salivaly amylase(mouth). oxyntic glands and pyloric glands(stomach)
mechanical- grinding of food into smaller pieces by the teeth(mouth), occurs via peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle from the fundus towards the contracted pylorus, termed propulsion(stomach)
where is pepsin found/how does it break down
found in stomach, breaks down protein
where is amylase found/how does it break down
found in spit/saliva/mouth, breaks down carbs
what is peristalsis/which organ does it
squishing of food through digestive tract, esophagus
absorption in digestive system
products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to rest of body
ingestion in digestive system
take in food through mouth, has to happen 1st
elimination in digestive system
the removal of indigestible wastes through the anus in form of feces
digestion in digestive system
converts the foods we eat into their simplest form. broken down food absorbed into bloodstream from small intestine and nutrients carried throughout body
what is overall function of the circulatory system
delievers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away waste, the heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated on diff sides
list the path of blood flow through the heart
- artery
- arterioles
- capillary
- venules
- vein
artery
carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood all throughout body
vein
carries oxygen poor blood to heart, carries oxygen rich blood from lungs to heart
capillary
connects arteries to veins
arterioles
contracts blood flow and pressure connects arteries to cappilaries
venules
connects cappilaries to veins
what is purpose of the septum
middle, meaty part of the heart, separating oxygenated/deoxygenated blood
what is overall purpose of the respiratory system
takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide.
how does oxygen enter your body? right in correct order bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, bronchi, blood
- bronchi
- lungs
- bronchioles
- alveoli
- blood
3 diseases smoking can cause and what are they
- lung disease: prevents lungs from working properly, not enough oxygen is getting to lungs
- cancer: some of the body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of body
- stroke: occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of brain or when a vessel in brain bursts
what are two gases involved in respiratory system
carbon dioxide and oxygen
what is the function of diaphragm? when you inhale, which way does it move? and when you enhale?
diaphragm contracts and relaxes muscle that allows us to breathe
what is overall function of the urinary system
filtration and collection of waste
kidneys
remove access water, urea and metabolic wastes from the blood, execrete urine too
bladder
where urine is stored before or until it is released through the urethra
ureters
transport urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder where urine is stored until it is released through urethra
urethra
where urine is excreted or released
how are all the system connected
Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout your body. Wastes from the cells are eliminated by your respiratory system, your excretory system, and your skin. Your nervous system controls all these activities with electrical impulses.
what is the overall function of the nervous system
helps all the parts of the body to communicate
