Bio Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between a theory and a law?
A theory explains why something happens and a law describes what happens when certain conditions are present.
What is the difference between Lysosomes and Peroxisomes?
Lysosomes kill and disinfect, peroxisomes carry out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen.
What is the difference between a theory, law and hypothesis?
Hypothesis is a tentative explanation for what was observed, Theory is concepts that join together two or more thorough hypotheses, Law is widely excepted set of theories.
What are the 3 domains?
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Eukarya
Domain Archaea
Contain unicellular prokaryotes, live in extreme environments
Domain Bacteria
Contains unicellular prokaryotes live in environments like skin in our mouths and intestines.
Domain Eukarya
Contain unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are not……..
Domains
Goes through all aspects of the experiment but is not exposed to the experimental variable
Control Group
What is a PH of 4
Acid
What is a PH of 7
Neutral
What is a PH of 9
Base
All organic molecules contain what?
Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
What is the basic unit of all life?
Cells
What is the difference between glycogen and starch?
Starch: Provides energy storage in plants
Glycogen: Provides energy storage in animals
What is the difference between a population and an ecosystem?
Population: All members of a species within an area
Ecosystem: Community plus its physical environment
………… is the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundries
Homeostasis
What is the permanent loss of species called?
Extinction
What is the order of hierarchy?
Molecules
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Organisms
Population
Ecosystem
Water repelling is…
Hydrophobic
water loving is…
Hydrophilic
Mutations lead to……
Natural selection
natural selection leads to…..
Evolution
What is the building block for proteins
Amino Acids
When you combine amino acids and protein you get what?
Peptide
What do you get when you put peptides together
Poly Peptide
What do you get when you twist poly peptides together?
Proteins
T or F we are all undergoing mutations everyday
True
What is the basic unit of heredity
Genes
……. Is a chemical reaction in which subunits are joined together by the formation of a covalent bond and water is produced during the reaction.
Dehydration reaction
A …….… reaction is a chemical reaction in which a water molecules is added to break a covalent bond.
Hydrolysis
Diffusion of water is
Osmosis
Pinocytosis=
Drinking
Phagocytosis=
Eating
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide
Phosphate, sugar, and a base
What are prions
Misfolded proteins
Of the 4 organic molecules which is not a polymer?
Lipids
What are the 4 organic molecules
Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids
What kingdom do we belong in?
Animal
Isotonic means…
Equal pressure
Adenine always matches up with…
Thymine
What is the different between a community and an ecosystem?
A community is a collection of interacting populations within the same environment.
An ecosystem is a community plus its physical environment.
What are the major elements in the body?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
What is the difference between DNA and RNA
DNA: Genetic material that stores information for its own replication and for the sequence of amino acids in proteins
RNA perform a wide range of functions within cells which include protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression.
Water always moves towards the………
Hypertonic
What is it called when the cell shrivels up and dies?
Crenantion
Complementary means……
Complete
What is the word for breaking down proteins
Denature
What is the storage form of energy in animals
Glycogen
What is the storage form of energy in plants
Starch
What is the passing of genetic information from generation to generation is called….
Genes
…… is found in cell walls of fungi and exoskeleton of some animals.
Chitin
Two types of reactions…
Dehydration and hydrolysis reaction
Facilitated means….
Make easy
What are 2 characteristics of enzymes:
- used to speed up chemical reactions in the body
- They are not consumed
What is the formula for glucose
C6 H12 O6
What is another name for organic molecules?
Bio Molecules
DNA has…….. and RNA has…….
- thymine
- Uracil
Double ring=
Purines
………….. is a chemical reaction in which subunits are joined together by the formation of a covalent bond and water is produced during the reaction
Dehydration reaction
A………… is a chemical reaction in which a water molecule is added to break a covalent bond.
Hydrolysis Reaction
……… is all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.
Metabolism
…………… is a process that converts solar energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
The breakdown of food components(proteins, and dietary fats) into their simpler forms , which then can be used to provide energy and the basic building blocks needed for growth and repair
Catabolism
The part of metabolism in which our body is built or repaired
Anabolism
A membrane that allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.
Selectively-permeable membrane
What is the major lipid found in cell membranes
Phospholipids
Which domains do not have nuclei
- Bacteria
- Archaea
………… are clusters of specific atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton with characteristic structures and functions.
Functional Groups
What letter represents a functional group
R