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Bio Exam 1 > Bio Exam 1 > Flashcards

Bio Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Main information carrying molecule

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2
Q

Proteins

A

Support transport, defense and hormones

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3
Q

Lipids

A

Long-term energy source, fats, waxes, oils and hormones

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Energy source short and quick

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5
Q

Four categories of organic molecules that are unique to cells

A

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

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6
Q

What is cohesion and adhesion?

A

Cohesion is water molecules sticking together
Adhesion is water molecules sticking to a surface

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7
Q

How do polar interactions dissolved solutes?

A

Polar solutes would need polar solvents

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8
Q

How do nonpolar interactions dissolved solutes?

A

Nonpolar solute would need nonpolar solvents

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9
Q

What does it mean to say water is a solvent?

A

Water breaks the bond. Break original bonds to share with water molecules

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10
Q

Why does ice float?

A

Molecules are expanding. Distance between water molecules gets greater. 

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11
Q

What does it mean for water to have high heat vaporization?

A

A large amount of energy is needed to convert liquid water (molecules attached)
to water vapor (not attached, hydrogen bond) 

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12
Q

What is high heat capacity?

A

A large amount of heat is needed to heat water. How much heat is needed to break the hydrogen bond.

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13
Q

What Is the importance of buffers?

A

To maintain a narrow range of pH in a specific area in the body

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14
Q

How large is the difference between a pH of one and a pH of seven

A

1 million

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15
Q

How large is the difference between a pH of six and a pH of seven

A

10x

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16
Q

What is a basic pH

A

Greater than seven

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17
Q

What is a neutral pH

A

7

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18
Q

What is considered acidic pH

A

Less than 7

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19
Q

What are nonpolar advantages in the body?

A

Methane gas produced by bacteria in the gut breaks down food and releases as a gas

Respiration

Energy storage

Hormone communication 

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20
Q

What are some advantages of a polar bond in the body?

A

Create permanent dipoles that allows molecules to interact through electrical forces. 

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21
Q

What’s the difference between polar and non-polar

A

Polar have two poles with opposite charges a + & -

Nonpolar doesn’t have electrical poles

22
Q

Where can hydrogen bonds be found?

A

DNA, protein, H2O, nucleic acid

23
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Formed from a weak interaction Between a slightly positive hydrogen atom & a slightly negative Atom in the vicinity

24
Q

What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds

A

Ionic bonds- atoms are bound by attraction of oppositely charged ions

Covalent bonds – atoms are bound by sharing electrons to attain a stable electron configurations

25
Q

What two types of bonds join atoms

A

Ionic bond, covalent bond

26
Q

What are the three known subatomic elements

A

Protons +
neutrons no charge (neutral)
electrons -

27
Q

Is the smallest unit of an element

A

Atom

28
Q

90% of the human body is made up of four atoms what are they

A

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon

29
Q

The first step of the scientific method

A

Make an objective observation

30
Q

What are the next steps in the scientific process

A

Form a hypothesis
Gather data
Analyze the data
Draw a conclusion

31
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory

A

Hypothesis is done before research

Theory is supported by evidence

32
Q

Kind of reasoning is used to form a hypothesis

A

Deductive reasoning or deduction

33
Q

Is it important to repeat an experiment

A

Helps to determine if the data was a fluke or can be repeated with the same outcome

34
Q

What are the essential elements of an experimental design

A

Control
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Constant variable
Random assignment
Manipulation

35
Q

Our hypotheses just random guesses or do they have supporting facts

A

Based on existing knowledge more informed than a guess

36
Q

What microscope makes 3-D images

A

Scanning electron microscope

37
Q

Which microscope uses photographic film

A

Transmission electron microscope

38
Q

What is facilitated transport

A

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across the biological membrane via transmembrane integral proteins
Does not require ATP

39
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate
Source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

40
Q

What is diffusion

A

Movement of molecules or atoms from high regions to a region of low concentration
Does not require ATP

41
Q

What is osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules from a solution with high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules
Does not require ATP

42
Q

What is active transport

A

Movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of low to a region of high
ATP is required

43
Q

What is the relationship between cells tissue and organs

A

Cells make up tissues
Tissue makes up organs
Organs make an organ system

44
Q

As a cell divides does the surface area increase or decrease

A

Increase

45
Q

As a cell becomes larger its surface area to volume ratio does what?

A

Decreases

46
Q

Examples of each organic molecule that is unique to cells

A

Carbohydrates – glucose, fructose, sucrose
Lipids- Fats, phospholipids and steroids
Proteins – collagen, hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes
Nucleic acids-DNA, RNA

47
Q

What are the differences between a eukaryote and Prokaryote

A

Prokaryotes are unicellular, stores DNA in the cytoplasm

Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms, larger and more complex, stores DNA in the nucleus

48
Q

Virus, eukaryote, prokaryote which is smallest which is biggest?

A

Smallest-virus

Biggest – eukaryote

49
Q

What are similarities of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

DNA exists that relates to genes
Both have a cell wall
Four major types of molecules
Process of DNA copying is similar

50
Q

What microscope can be used with the naked eye

A

Compound light microscope

Bio Exam 1 (1 decks)

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