Bio Energatics Flashcards
What are the main types of ATP synthesis?
Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Which enzyme is involved in ATP synthesis in glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase
Where does the TCA cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
What are the key components of the mitochondrial membrane system?
Outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, and matrix
What is the role of Complex I in the ETC?
It transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and pumps protons across the membrane
What is the role of Complex II in the ETC?
It transfers electrons from FADH2 to ubiquinone without proton pumping
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The process of ATP synthesis using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
What does cyanide inhibit in the ETC?
Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
What is the function of ATP synthase?
Synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the proton gradient
What are free radicals?
Reactive molecules like ROS and RNS that can damage cells
Name two enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species.
Catalase and superoxide dismutase
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death regulated by mitochondria
What is necrosis?
Passive cell death caused by external factors leading to inflammation
What is the main source of ROS in mitochondria?
Complex I and III of the ETC
