Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Shared > Bio; Digestive System + Energy > Flashcards

Bio; Digestive System + Energy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 forms of energy?

A

Chemical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Thermal energy
Radiant Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Chemical Energy

A

It is a form of energy found in the bonds that keep the atom of a molecule together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Mechanical Energy

A

It is a form of energy related to motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Thermal Energy

A

It is a form of energy cause by the motion of the particles in matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Radiant Energy

A

It is the form of energy contained in light and other electromagnetic waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is law of of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another) or transferred (passed along from one body to another).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

We get energy from eating and oxidation.
We breathe in oxygen; oxygen is used to oxidize the nutrients (burn calories). This reaction produces CO 2, water, and energy. We call this, cellular respiration; it allows the chemical energy stored in the bonds between the atoms in a molecule to be released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the nutrients we need:

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fibre (Not a nutrient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What function do carbohydrates serve to us?

A

They contain starches or other substances that release sugars during digestion. They are quickly transformed into energy by the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What function do fats serve us?

A

They provide the body with energy and store it. They also insulate the body and protect vital organs. Fats that come from an animal source are called saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise the cholesterol level if eaten in large quantities. Unsaturated fats come from plant sources and are a healthier source of fats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What function do proteins serve us?

A

They are big molecules made of long chains of amino acids. They allow the body to repair and build cells. They also provide energy when there are not enough fats or carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What function do vitamins serve to us?

A

They are vital for various body functions and to help regulate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body. There are 13 kinds of vitamins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What function do minerals serve to us?

A

They are simple chemical elements. Minerals make up various tissues like cartilage, teeth, bones, and nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What function does water serve to us?

A

A pure substance that makes up 60% of the body. It is important to many chemical reactions, regulates metabolism, and helps to carry substances to different parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What function does fibre serve us?

A

It cleans the digestive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What foods contain a significant source of carbohydrates?

A

Breads
Grains
Pasta
Nuts
Legumes
Starchy Vegetables
Milk
Yogurts
Fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What foods contain a significant source of fats? Name 5.

A

Red Meat
Butter
Cheese
Ice cream
Avocados
Fish
Whole eggs
Chia Seeds
Dark Chocolate

18
Q

What food contains a significant source of proteins? Name 5.

A

Eggs
Chicken
Beef
Pork
Fish
Nuts
Seeds
Beans
Peas
Lentils
Tofu

19
Q

What food contains a significant source of vitamins? Name 5.

A

Animal fats (A, D, E, and K)
Vegetable oils (A, D, E, and K)
Dairy products (A, D, E, and K)
Liver (A, D, E, and K)
Oily fish (A, D, E, and K)
Fruits (C&B)
Vegetables (C&B)
Grains (C&B)
Milk and Dairy (C&B)

20
Q

What food contains a significant source of Minerals? Name 5.

A

Meat
Cereals
Fish
Milk and Dairy
Fruits
Vegetables
Nuts

21
Q

What food contains a significant source of fibre? Name 5.

A

Beans
Broccoli
Berries
Avocados
Popcorn
Whole Grains
Apples
Dried Fruits

22
Q

Name the Components of the Digestive:

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

23
Q

Mouth, Parts and Functions

A

Teeth (break apart food, physical change)
Tongue (moves food around and breaks it apart, physical change)
Saliva (Breaks down Carbohydrates, chemical change)

24
Q

Saliva more in-depth

A

Saliva is secreted by the salivary gland. The purpose of saliva is to break down carbohydrates, however it also acts as a anti-bacterial.

25
Q

Esophagus, Function and structure

A

Like a pipe (around 10 inches long). Moves food from back of throat to stomach by muscle contractions, known as peristalsis (physical change).

26
Q

Stomach, Functions

A

Purposes
- Store food that has been eaten
- Break down larger molecules to simpler ones
- Slowly empties mixture into small intestines

27
Q

Stomach, how does it work?

A

Mixes, churns and mashes food in to balls of bolus (mush).
Gastric juices from the glands along the stomach walls help to break down proteins and kill bacteria (chemical change).
Stomach wall is lined with mucous to protect it from is own acids.

28
Q

Small Intestine: what is it?

A

The small intestine is a 3 m long muscular tube that has a diameter of 2 cm. It is folded several times and attaches to the large intestine.

29
Q

What is the small intestine lined with?

A

The small intestine is lined with microscopic folds (villi) to increase the surface area through which various nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

30
Q

What transformations occur in the small intestine? Glands, secretions etc.

A

Both physical and chemical.
- When food enters the small intestine, the intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that transform proteins into amino acids and fats into smaller molecules like glycerol (chemical transformations).
- The liver (gland) secretes bile which is stored in the gall bladder and emulsifies fats (separates fats from water) (physical transformation).
- The pancreas secretes pancreatic juices that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules of glucose (chemical transformation).
- The small intestine also churns and moves the food along through peristalsis (physical transformation).

31
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

The large intestine is about 6.5 cm in diameter and 1.5 m in length.

32
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

This is where most water, vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream. Removing water from a liquid mixture transforms it into solid waste that is later expelled through the anus (physical transformation). The walls of the large intestine are lined with mucous that acts as lubrication to facilitate the passage of solid waste.

33
Q

Name all the glands:

A

Salivary glands
Gastric glands
Intestinal glands
Pancreatic juices
Liver glands

34
Q

What is the purpose and function of salivary glands?

A

Salivary glands (a gland is a group of cells that produce secretions) produce saliva. Each day, these glands secrete (make) 1 to 1.5 L of saliva. Saliva helps to transform the complex molecules in carbohydrates in to simpler molecules (chemical transformation). It also has antibacterial properties.

35
Q

What is the purpose and function of gastric glands?

A

Gastric juices that come from the glands along the stomach’s walls help to break down proteins (chemical transformation). In addition to breaking down food, gastric juices also help kill bacteria that might be in the food.

36
Q

What is the purpose and function of Intestinal glands?

A

When food enters the small intestine, the
intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that transform proteins into amino acids and fats into smaller molecules like glycerol (chemical transformations).

37
Q

What is the purpose and function of Pancreatic glands?

A

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juices that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules of glucose (chemical transformation).

38
Q

What is the purpose and function of Liver glands?

A

The liver (gland) secretes bile which is stored in the gall bladder and emulsifies fats (separates fats from water) (physical transformation).

39
Q

What is churning?

A

(with reference to liquid) move or cause to move about vigorously.
In other words mixing!

40
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

Science Shared (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions