Bio: Digestion & Nutrition

Question 1

Absorbed

Answer 1

When small, soluble molecules go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood

Question 2

anus

Answer 2

the opening at the end of the gut

Question 3

appendix

Answer 3

small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in animals

Question 4

balanced diet

Answer 4

eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things we need

Question 5

carbohydrate

Answer 5

Nutrient that is used as the main source of energy

Question 6

chemical energy

Answer 6

energy stored in chemicals (like food and fuel)

Question 7

constipation

Answer 7

When the intestines get blocked up

Question 8

contract

Answer 8

to get smaller

Question 9

diabetes

Answer 9

Disease in which the levels of glucose in the blood cannot be controlled

Question 10

diet

Answer 10

the food that you eat

Question 11

digestion

Answer 11

process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies

Question 12

digestive system

Answer 12

a group of organs that carry out digestion

Question 13

egestion

Answer 13

when faeces are pushed out of the anus

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

A chemical that can break up large molecules

Question 15

faeces

Answer 15

waste food material produced by the intestines

Question 16

fat

Answer 16

Nutrient that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also helps to keep heat in our bodies

Question 17

fibre

Answer 17

Substance found in food that is not used up by the body. It helps keep our intestines clean

Question 18

gullet

Answer 18

Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Sometimes called the ‘food pipe’

Question 19

gut

Answer 19

All the organs of the digestive system apart from the mouth

Question 20

heart disease

Answer 20

Disease caused by the narrowing of the arteries carrying blood to the muscles of the heart, which means that the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen

Question 21

ingestion

Answer 21

Putting food in your mouth.

Question 22

Insoluble

Answer 22

something that does not dissolve is said to be insoluble

Question 23

insulin

Answer 23

A chemical made in the pancreas that causes cells to take glucose out of the blood

Question 24

kilojoule (kJ)

Answer 24

Unit of energy used on food packets. There are 1000 J in 1 kJ

Question 25

large intestine

Answer 25

organ that takes water out of the waste

Question 26

liver

Answer 26

organ that makes and destroys many substances in the body

Question 27

mineral

Answer 27

Properly called a ‘mineral salt’. It is a nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium)

Question 28

molecule

Answer 28

Two or more atoms joined together

Question 29

Nutrient

Answer 29

Substance needed in the diet to provide raw materials

Question 30

nutrition information

Answer 30

information found on a food packet or label to tell you what is in the food

Question 31

obese

Answer 31

being very overweight

Question 32

pancreas

Answer 32

An organ that produces insulin and produces enzymes (which help to break down food)

Question 33

protein

Answer 33

nutrient used for growth and repair

Question 34

raw materials

Answer 34

substances used to make other substances

Question 35

Rectum

Answer 35

Organ that stores faeces before they are egested

Question 36

Saliva

Answer 36

A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar

Question 37

salivary gland

Answer 37

Found in the mouth, it makes saliva

Question 38

Small intestine

Answer 38

Organ where most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion are absorbed into the body here. It is about 6.5m long in adults.

Question 39

Soluble

Answer 39

Something that is soluble can dissolve in a liquid

Question 40

Starch

Answer 40

Types of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants

Question 41

stomach

Answer 41

Organ containing strong acid that mixes food up and digests proteins

Question 42

Sugar

Answer 42

Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of sugar

Question 43

Vitamin

Answer 43

Nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. vitamin C)