Bio Chemistry Flashcards
A pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Compound
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Element
Negatively charged particle with the mass of a proton
Electron
Smallest unit of most compounds
Molecule
The center of an atom formed by protons and neutrons
Neucleus
Positively and negatively charged atoms
Ion
One or more electrons being transferred from one atom to another
Ionic bond
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Isotope
Basic unit of matter
Atom
Molecules that are close together and a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged region of the nearby molecules inter molecules
Van set waals forces
An attraction between molecules of the same substance
Cohesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Adhesion
A material composed of two or more elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically combined
Mixture
When ions gradually become dispersed in water forming a type of mixture
Solution
The substance that is dissolved
Solute
The substance in which the solute dissolves
Solvent
Mixture of water and non dissolved material
Suspension
Any compound that forms H ions in a solution
Acid
A compound that produces hydroxide in a solution
Base
A measurement system devised to indicate the concentration of ions in a solution
Ph scale
Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in ph
Buffer
Larger compounds built by joining smaller ones together the smaller units
Monomer
Monomers joined together
Polymer
Compounds made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Carbohydrates
Sugar molecules
Monosaccharides
Large molecules formed from monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Large and varied groups of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water
Lipid
Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Protein
Macromolecules containing hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and phosphorus
Nuclei can acid
Individual monomers
Nucleotide
Type of nucleotide acid that contains the sugar ribose
Rna
A type of nucleus acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
Dna
Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group an the other end
Amino acid
A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another
Chemical reaction
The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Reactant
The elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions
Product
Energy that needed to get a reaction started
Activation energy
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Catalyst
Proteins that act as biological catalysts
Enzyme
The reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions
Substrate
When electrons are shared between atoms
Covalent bond
What is the most abundant organic molecule
Cellulose
What is an example of saturated fat
Shortening
What ph do enzymes work best at
Neutral
Glycogen is made out of what
100 glucoses
What is the structural difference between fructose and glucose
Fructose is a pentagonal ring and glucose is a hexagonal ring
What functional group does fatty acids contain
Carboxyl group
What is an example of an isomer
Fructose and glucose
