Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BTEC - Applied Science > Bio+chem+phy > Flashcards

Bio+chem+phy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.02 x 10^23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Avogadro’s number tell us?

A

the number of particles in a mole of a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which isotope are all other particles compared to when determining their relative mass?

A

Carbon - 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What order do the orbitals fill in (up to the end of the third energy level)?

A

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What order do we write the orbitals when they have electrons in them?

A

1s2s2p3s3p3d4s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting and boiling points, malleable, ductile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structure of a metal

A

A giant lattice with layers of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define the term ‘first ionisation energy’

A

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which factors affect the first ionisation energy?

A

Nuclear charge, shielding, atomic radius, spin-pair repulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What shape are s-orbitals?

A

Spherical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What shape are p-orbitals?

A

Dumb - bell shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the first ionisation energy always endothermic?

A

energy is required to break the attraction between the nucleus and outermost electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of subshell or orbital?

A

S - P - d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many electrons can fit in a subshell or orbital?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many electrons can fit in the first energy level or shell?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many electrons can fit in the second energy level or shell?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many electrons can fit in the third energy level or shell?

A

18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many s-orbitals are there in each energy level?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many p-orbitals are there in the second and third energy level?

A

3 - each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many d-orbitals are there in the third energy level?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the spin of two electrons in an orbital related? Why?

A

Opposite, to minimise repulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do electrons fill orbitals singly first, before pairing up?

A

To minimise repulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a ‘delocalised’ electron?

A

An electron that can move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a lattice?

A

regular, repeating, 3D structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define ‘metallic bonding’

A

the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

A

their delocalised electrons move around and pass on energy whenever they collide with another electron or positive ion in the lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

A

delocalised electrons can move and carry charge through the structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why do metals have high melting points?

A

the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons is strong

29
Q

Why are metals malleable and ductile?

A

the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons hold the layers together, but the regularity of the layers means they can slide over each other

30
Q

What does ‘malleable’ mean?

A

can be hammered into shape

31
Q

What does ‘ductile’ mean?

A

can be stretched into wires

32
Q

Where do we find the atomic number of an element?

A

periodic table - bottom number

33
Q

Where do we find the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

periodic table - top number

34
Q

How do we calculate the relative formula mass of a substance?

A

add together the mass of all atoms present

35
Q

What is a mole?

A

23
6.02 x 10 particles

36
Q

What is a mole?

A

23
6.02 x 10 particles

37
Q

What is the equation for converting between mass and moles?

A

moles = mass / Mr

38
Q

What does the atomic number tell us?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

39
Q

How do we know how many electrons an atom has?

A

atoms have the same number of protons and electrons

40
Q

How do we know how many neutrons an atom has?

A

subtract the atomic number from the mass number

41
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

a cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

42
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Contains the nucleolus and chromatin

43
Q

What is chromatin?

A

The genetic material

44
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

Production of ribosomes

45
Q

What type of ribosome is found in eukaryotic cells?

A

80s

46
Q

Where are most ribsomes in a eukaryotic cell found?

A

On the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

47
Q

what is the function of ribsomes?

A

protein synthesis

48
Q

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

modifies the proteins made by the ribsomes on its surface

49
Q

what is the stucture of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

a system of flattened sacs continuous with the nuclear membrane. the surface is covered with ribosomes

50
Q

what do the mitochondria and nucleus have in common?

A

They have a double membrane

51
Q

what is the stucture of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

a system of flattened sacs continuous with the nuclear membrane, there are no ribosomes on the surface

52
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

produces and processes lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids

53
Q

what is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into Golgi vesicles

54
Q

what is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

flattened membrane-bound sacs

55
Q

what is the function of the Golgi vesicles?

A

transport and store biochemical molecules within a cell

56
Q

what is the structure of the Golgi vesicles?

A

spherical membrane-bound sac

57
Q

what is the structure of a lysosome?

A

spherical membrane-bound sac

58
Q

what is the function of a lysosome?

A

contains lysozymes that are used to break down unwanted substances within the cell

59
Q

what is the structure of a mitochondrion?

A

bound by a double membrane. the inner membrane is folded. contains mitochondrial DNA

60
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Aerobic respiration

61
Q

what is the inner membrane of a mitochondrion called?

A

crista (plural cristae)

62
Q

why are the cristae folded?

A

increase surface area to increase the rate of respiration

63
Q

what is the structure of the cytoplasm?

A

gelatinous liquid

64
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

contains dissolved substances, site of anaerobic respiration & other cellular reactions

65
Q

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

A

it is made of a phospholipid bilayer with some glycolipids and proteins attached

66
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

to control what enters or leaves the cell and organelles

67
Q

what is the structure of the centriole?

A

a barrel-shaped protein

68
Q

what is the function of the centrioles?

A

control microtubules, which support the positioning and movement of the organelles; role in cell division

BTEC - Applied Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions