Bio Chem- Carbs Flashcards
To understand what carbs are
organic compounds
must contain carbon and hydrogen that are bonded to each
carbon
is small
can form single, double, or triple bonds
can form 4 bonds and has 4 valence electrons for this
can form rings and chains
can make nonpolar molecules
what are the 4 types of macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
What are carbohydrates used for
used for an energy source, plant structures (fiber) and are cell markers for the immune system
what is the main unit of carbs
glucose
monomer
one unit
polymer
many units
What makes up polymers
many monomers
monosaccharides
one unit of sugar (simple sugars)
polysaccharides
many units of sugar
types of monosaccharides
glucose and fructose
disaccharides
double sugar
glucose + glucose
maltose
glucose + fructose
sucrose
simple carbs
these are digested instantly
monosaccharides
complex carbs
these are stored in for later use
these are not digested instantly
polysaccharides
condensation synthesis
2 monomers come together to form a dimer or a polymer Water is removed leaving only 1 oxygen
hydrolysis
2 monomers are broken apart
Water is added
what are the 3 polysaccharides for carbohydrates
starch
glycogen
cellulose (fiber)
where is starch found
plants
where is cellulose found
plants
where is glycogen found
animals
is cellulose a fuel source or a plant source
cellulose is a plant source
is starch a fuel source or a plant source
starch is a fuel source
is glycogen a fuel source or a plant source
glycogen is a fuel source
linear
stacks evenly
more dense
a solid
not linear
doesn’t stack evely
twisted and coiled
less dense
a liquid
starch and cellulose are
linear
glycogen
not linear
is glycogen digestible
yes , b/c of enzymes
is cellulose digestible
no
is starch digestible
yes, b/c of enzymes
how do animals get glucose
bacteria in the stomach
why are carbohydrates polar
b/c sugar dissolves in water
