BIO- Chapter 9

Question 1

Formula for CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 1

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6CO2

opposite of photosynthesis

Question 2

What is glucose?

Answer 2

A carbohydrate that both plants/animal cells use as a source of ENERGY.

Question 3

Cuticle

Answer 3

Cuticle (waxy substance) coats the cell to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf.

Question 4

Upper/Lower Epidermis

Answer 4

• protective layer that cover the plant leaf

- do not have chloroplast

Question 5

Palisade Mesophyll

Answer 5

• main type of photosynthetic cells
• cells – long narrow – packed closely
• efficient for photosynthesis
• lie under leaf’s upper surface – exposed to sunlight
• packed with chloroplast

Question 6

Spongy Mesophyll

Answer 6

• contains chloroplast
• carry out photosynthesis
• below palisade cells
• round/loosely packed – air spaces
• *structure – help cells exchange gases and water

Question 7

Stomata

Answer 7

• small openings
• allow gases in and out of cell
• CO2 in / O2 out / Water vapor diffuses out
• flanked by 2 guard cells

Question 8

What do guard cells do?

Answer 8

• regulate the stomata’s size

- change shape to open/close stomata

Question 9

Xylem

Answer 9

carries water and minerals from the root to the leaves

Question 10

Phloem

Answer 10

carries sugar produced by the leaves to various parts of the plant

Question 11

Vascular Tissue Cells

Answer 11

• form series of tubes – transport fluids throughout the plant
• visible as leaf veins
• xylem
• phloem
• arranged together in vascular bundles

Question 12

The process of an Organism

Answer 12

cells – tissue – organs – system – organism

Question 13

What are Lenticels?

Answer 13

lens shaped openings

Question 14

Palisade and Spongy Tissues are coated with what?

Answer 14

thin layer of water

Question 15

Transpiration

Answer 15

• the evaporation of water from leaves

- causes plants to lose 99% of water absorbed by roots

Question 16

Open Stomata

Answer 16

• Co2 can enter O2/water vapor can exit
• high rates of photosynthesis are possible
• opening/closing of stomata is determined by the amount of water in guard cells

Question 17

In single cell organisms what does one cell must be able to perform?

Answer 17

one cell must be able to perform all the functions of life

Question 18

Closed Stomata

Answer 18

• gas + water exchange is reduced
• less photosynthesis occurs
• opening/closing of stomata are determined by the amount of water in the guard cells

Question 19

What is out Air Made Out of?

Answer 19

• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• water vapour
• nitrogen
• other gases

Question 20

How is Surface Area increased in the roots?

Answer 20

-root hairs

Question 21

What is Turgor Pressure?

Answer 21

-pushes fluid upward inside xylem

Question 22

What is Adhesion?

Answer 22

• when water molecules stick to surfaces

* prevents xylem sap from falling back to roots

Question 23

What is Xylem Sap?

Answer 23

-solution of water/minerals that accumulate in the xylem

Question 24

What does the biological barrier do in a cell membrane?

Answer 24

prevents unwanted substances from entering a cell

Question 25

What do proteins do in a cell membrane?

Answer 25

- help move substances across the membrane - some proteins helps protect us from infection - act as an attachment sight

Question 26

What is Phototropism?

Answer 26

- the growth of a plant towards a light source | - maximizes the amount of light absorbed by the plant's leaf

Question 27

What is Stimuli?

Answer 27

-environmental factors that induce a response from an organism

Question 28

What is Gravitropism?

Answer 28

-growth by a plant in response to gravity Positive Gravitropism - ROOTS Negative Gravitropism - STEM

Question 29

Vascular Bundle

Answer 29

- xylem - phloem - series of tubes that transport fluids

Question 30

What traits do Specialized Cells have?

Answer 30

TRAITS: - shape - size - location within the organism - type of organelles within the cell