Bio Chapter 3

Question 1

condensation

Answer 1

Process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

Compound (usually a protein) that speeds a reaction without being changed by it.

Question 3

Functional group

Answer 3

A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property

Question 4

hydrocarbon

Answer 4

Compound or region of one that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to on part and hydrogen atom to the other

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

All the enzymes-mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

Molecules that are subunits of polymers

Question 8

Organic

Answer 8

type of compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 9

Polymers

Answer 9

Molecule that consists of multiple monomer

Question 10

Carbohydrate

Answer 10

Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 11

Fat

Answer 11

Lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one,two or three fatty acids tails.

Question 12

Fatty acid

Answer 12

Organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end. Carbon chain of saturated fats types has single bonds only; that of unsaturated types has one or more double bonds

Question 13

lipid

Answer 13

Fatty, oily or waxy organic compound

Question 14

Phospholipid

Answer 14

a lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head and two polar non polar fatty acids tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes

Question 15

steroid

Answer 15

Type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

Question 16

triglyceride

Answer 16

A fat with three fatty acid tails

Question 17

wax

Answer 17

Water-repelent mixture of lips with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings

Question 18

amino acid

Answer 18

Small organic compound that is subunit of proteins. consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side R group, all typically bonded to the same carbon atom.

Question 19

Peptide bond

Answer 19

A bond between the amine group of one animo acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins animo acids in proteins

Question 20

Polypeptide

Answer 20

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 21

Protein

Answer 21

Organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids (polypeptide)

Question 22

denature

Answer 22

To unravel the shape of a protein or other large biological molecule

Question 23

prion

Answer 23

Infections Protein

Question 24

ATP

Answer 24

adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine bade, a five carbon ribose sugar and three phosphate groups

Question 25

DNA

Answer 25

deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid that carries hereditary information about traits; consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix

Question 26

nucleic acid

Answer 26

Sigle on double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phophate bonds; E.G. DNA and RNA.

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis.