Bio Chapter 12 Test (Bacteria) Flashcards
What is gram staining used for?
determining whether bacteria is positive or negative so that a specific antibiotic can be given for that certain form of bacteria.
What are some examples of viruses?
COVID, chicken pox, flu, MERS, cold, ebola, idk a bunch more probably.
ESSAY SAVE YOURSELF RUNNNNNNNNNNN
anyway. How does a virus reproduce?
Lytic cycle- dormant
Lysogenic- active
tbh I’m not sure bout the whole thing.
but like a virus sticks onto a bacteria then fills it then it explodes and the DNA goes everywhere then it keeps doing that.
don’t trust me, look it up. or bella pls fix this
-virus attatches to a cell and injects its DNA
-the cell is forced to reprouduce the virus until the cell becomes so full of the virus that it explodes, releasing the virus
4 types of archaea and where they live.
Thermophile- in extreme temperatures. (volcanic vents)
Methanogenic- toxic environments (animal digestive tracts)
Halophile- salt environments (dead sea)
Acidophile- acid environment (stomach)
What is a pathogen?
any organism that can cause disease
T/F
All bacteria are heterotrophs.
true
T/F
Viruses can be used as medicines.
True.
gene therapy uses viruses to attack a specific bacteria and edit genes so that antibiotics can target it.
T/F
A virus can lay dormant for no longer than a week.
False.
there is no definite time period a virus can lay dormant for. It is simply until the body is knocked out of homeostasis
Are viruses alive?
you can argue this either way cause no one knows for sure.
imma say why their not alive.
they can’t maintain homeostasis, they are not complete cells, and they require a host to reproduce.
What is the most common form of reproduction in bacteria?
binary fission
What is archaea lacking that bacteria has?
the molecule peptidoglycan in their cell wall
What is a nucleoid?
free-floating DNA in a bacteria cell
What is opportunistic bacteria?
bacteria that is constantly around but only becomes a pathogen when homeostasis is out of balance. or when the body’s defense system is weak.
How are bacteria helpful?
they help make food (yogurt). help in food digestion, produce vitamins, and are decomposers (recycle nutrients in the environment)
What are the characteristics of archaea?
extreme environments, no membrane bound organelles or nucleus, no peptidoglycan
Name 3 types of bacteria, and how each are shaped.
Cocci- round
Basilli- rod
spirilli- spiral
What is conjugation?
When a F+ bacteria finds a F- bacteria and the F+ attaches to the F- by poking it with its sex pillus. Then the F+ transfers plasmid to the F- through the bridge formed by the attachment. This makes the F- into F+. the point of this is genetic diversity.
Label capsid, envelope, and DNA on a virus
find a diagram ig.
How do antibiotics work?
it stops the metabolic process of a bacteria cell, killing it.
What keeps bacteria from drying out?
the capsule
Briefly explain the lytic cycle.
a virus attaches to a cell, injects DNA, forces the cell to make more of the virus.
Label flagellum and some others aspects of a bacteria cell. I didn’t see whatever Trevor did on the board
FIND A DIAGRAM
