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BIOLOGY 101 > BIO CHAPTER 12-Coordination and Response > Flashcards

BIO CHAPTER 12-Coordination and Response Flashcards

FORM 4

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1
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Ability to detect changes in environment and respond

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2
Q

What is meant by stimuli?

A

Changes that stimulates responds

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3
Q

What are types of stimuli?

A

Internal and external

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4
Q

What is receptors?

A

Sensory cells

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5
Q

What is meant by coordination?

A

stimuli detection process by receptors that ends with apppropriate response by effectors

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6
Q

What is response?

A

The way organism react after detect stimuli

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7
Q

What are the types of receptors?

A 
Photoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Nocireceptor
Mechanoreceptor
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8
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Light

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9
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Change in pressure

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10
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Change in temperature

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11
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Touch and pressure

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12
Q

Nocireceptor

A

Pain

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13
Q

Why is coordination response important for living organism?

A

To adapt changes in environment

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14
Q

Why is coordination response important for animal?

A

A sudden change of climate motivates animal to look for shelter

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15
Q

What is nervous system made up of?

A

Neurons

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16
Q

What is main component for central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

What is main components for peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerve,spinal nerve,sensory receptor

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18
Q

What are the main components of brain?

A 
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Pituitary gland
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19
Q

What is the largest and most complex structure of brain?

A

Cerebrum

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20
Q

Why is surface of cerebrum is folded?

A

To increase surface area to hold more nerves

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21
Q

What is the function of cerebrum?

A
  • Control emotions,hearing and sights

- Higher mental abilities for learning, mathematical and linguistic skills

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22
Q

What is function of cerebellum?

A

Maintains body coordinates of muscle contraction for body movement

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23
Q

What is function of hypothalamus?

A

Coodinate homeostasis

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24
Q

Where is pituitary gland located at?

A

Base of hypothalamus

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25
Q

What does pituitary gland do?

A

Secretes hormones

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26
Q

What is the function of medulla oblongata?

A

Controls involuntary activities

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27
Q

Where does medulla oblongata located at?

A

Anterior of cerebellum

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28
Q

What are the mains for spinal cord

A

Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion
Ventral root
Spinal nerve (SN-MN)

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29
Q

DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

A

sensory neuron’s cell body located here

30
Q

DORSAL ROOT

A
  • send nerve impulses from sensory receptor to spinal cord

- contain axon of sensory neurone

31
Q

VENTRAL ROOT

A
  • contain motor neurone

- send nerve impulses from motor neurone to effector

32
Q

What is function of peripheral nervous system?

A

connects sensory receptor and effector to CNS

33
Q

What contain in peripheral?

A

Somatic and Autonomic

34
Q

SOMATIC

A

control voluntary actions

35
Q

AUTONOMIC

A

control involuntary actions

36
Q

What are main components of neurons

A
  • axon
  • myelin sheath
  • cell body
  • node of Ranvier
  • synaptic knob
  • dendrites
37
Q

DENDRITE

A

S-short branches of cell body

F-receive nerve impulses from other neuron and send it to cell body

38
Q

AXON

A

S-elongated branch of cell body

F-carry impulses outta cell and send it to effector

39
Q

MYELIN SHEATH

A

S-insulating membrane that coats axon
F-protects neurons from injury
-insulator for electrical impulses
-provide nutrients for axon

40
Q

NODE OF RANVIER

A

S-gap at axon that is not covered with myelin sheath

F- accelerate flow of nerve impulses by allow them to jump from one node to another

41
Q

SYNAPTIC KNOB

A

S-swelling at end of branch

F-sends signals to muscles/glands

42
Q

What are the types of neurones

A 
Sensory Neurone (Afferent)
Relay Neurone (interneurone)
Motor Neurone (efferent)
43
Q

MOTOR NEURONE

A
  • found at ventral root

- receive nerve impulses from relay neurone to effector in order to produce response

44
Q

RELAY NEURONE

A
  • nerve fibres at CNS
  • cell body at grey matter
  • connects SN to MN
  • send nerve impulses from SN to MN via CNS
45
Q

SENSORY NEURONE

A
  • found at dorsal root
  • cell body at DRG (white matter)
  • dendrites receive nerve impulses from receptor and send it to cell body to axon of next neurone
46
Q

SYNAPSES

A

S: narrow gap that separates synaptic knob from neurone dendrites
F: controls type of impulses that pass thru
-allow nerve impulses to pass thru at one direction

47
Q

What are chemical substance for transmission of impulse across synapes?

A

Neurotransmitters

48
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A
  • kept at synapse vesicles

- found at end of synpatic knob

49
Q

What are the examples of neurotransmitters?

A

acethylcholine
serotonin
dopamine

50
Q

FLOW OF TRANSMISSION

A

1-electrical impulses reach synaptic knob-synaptic vesicles stimulated to release neurotransmitters
2-Neurotransmiiter diffuse thru synapse-combine with specific receptor protein
3-The binding stimulates initiation of next impulse-impulse can be transmitted to next neurone

51
Q

SIMILARITIES OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS

A

BOTH

  • have stimulation
  • impulse
  • neurone
  • effector organ
52
Q

DIFFERENCES OF V AND IV ACTIONS

A 
V
-occur with conscious
-somatic NS
-controlled by cerebral cortex
-skeletal muscle
IV
-automatically
-autonomic NS
-controlled by medulla oblongata +hypothalamus
-smooth muscle
53
Q

What are the types of involuntary actions?

A

Three neurone reflex arc and Two neurone reflec arc

54
Q

THREE NEURONE REFLEX ARC

A
  • immediate response

- SN,MN,RN

55
Q

TWO NEURONE REFLEX ARC

A
  • knee jerk/patellar reflex

- SN-MN

56
Q

Explain in brief on how doctor tests the effectiveness of someone’s nerves

A
  1. Tendon below kneecap is knocked by rubber hammer-Quadriceps muscle is stretched-Strech receptor stimulated to trigger nerve impulse
  2. Nerve impulses transmit from SN to MN
  3. Nerve impulses is transmitted from MN To quadriceps muscle-Quadriceps muscle contracts
    - Leg jerk to front
57
Q

WHAT ARE TYPES OF DRUGS?

A 
stimulant
sedative (depressants)
narcotic 
alcohol
hallucinogenic
58
Q

STIMULANT

A
  • increase activity of CNS

- euphoria if excessive use

59
Q

SEDATIVE

A
  • delay transfer of nerve impulses

- calms mind

60
Q

NARCOCIC

A

-delay normal functions of brain

61
Q

ALCOHOL

A
  • disrupts coordination and thinking

- delay transfer of nerve impulses

62
Q

HALLUCINOGENIC

A
  • user will hallucinate

- relief from pain and anxiety

63
Q

Why is doctor give small amount of marijuana to patient cancer after undergo chemotheraphy treatment?

A

To reduce nausea cancer after the treatment

*nausea is sensation of urge to vomit

64
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

A
  • abnormality of immune system

- attack myelin sheath (brain and spinal cord)

65
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

A
  • loss ability to take care of oneself
  • if deterioration of brain continue,person cant read or talk
  • symptoms: forgetful-disorientation in familiar place
66
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A
  • shrinkage of nervous system
  • cause tremor in limb,jaw,foot face
  • difficult to maintain balance and body posture
67
Q

LOU GEHRIG/ ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

A
  • deterioration of MN

- cant control muscle movement such chewing

68
Q

AUTISM

A
  • development in brain problem\

- problem in communicating

69
Q

BRAIN PARALYSIS

A
  • brain damage before or after birth
  • usually occur at 3/5 years old
  • MN cant function
  • failure in muscles
70
Q

EPILEPSY

A
  • abnormal activities in certain part of brain

- muscle spasms

BIOLOGY 101 (4 decks)

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