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Biology 101 Chapters 1-5 Vocab > Bio chap 1-5 > Flashcards

Bio chap 1-5 Flashcards

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0
Q

Consisting of two or more different elements.

A

Compounds

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1
Q

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction

A

Elements

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2
Q

The smallest component of An element

A

Atom

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3
Q

Protons, electrons, neutrons

A

Subatomic particles

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4
Q

Different number of neutrons in atoms of the same element.

A

Isotope

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5
Q

Electrons present in the outermost shell. Determines characteristics of the element.

A

Valence electrons

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6
Q

Outermost shells containing electrons

A

Valence shells

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7
Q

A shared bond. Strongest bond

A

Covalent bond

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8
Q

Sharing of electrons is equal.

A

Non polar covalent bond

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9
Q

Sharing of electrons is unequal.

A

Polar covalent bond

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10
Q

Transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A

Ionic bond

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11
Q

A particle that is electrically charged.

A

Ion

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12
Q

Positive ion

A

Cation

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13
Q

Negative ion

A

Anion

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14
Q

Chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between 2 electronegative atoms. With one side being a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond.

A

Hydrogen bond

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15
Q

Binding together of like molecules

A

Cohesion

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16
Q

Surface of liquid becomes cooler during evaporation.

A

Evaporative cooling

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17
Q

Homogenous mixture of substances.

A

Solution

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18
Q

Dissolving agent

A

Solvent

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19
Q

Substance being dissolved.

A

Solute

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20
Q

Substance that increases it’s hydrogen ion concentration.- will donate a proton.

A

Acid

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21
Q

Substance that reduces it’s hydrogen ion bases. -will accept protons.

A

Base

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22
Q

H3O+

A

Hydronium ion

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23
Q

H2O => H+ + OH-

A

Hydroxide ion

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24
Q

Measure of H+ concentrations

A

pH

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25
Q

Able to absorb OR donate H+. Neutral.

A

Buffer

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26
Q

Acts as a branching point for other elements.

A

Tetra valence

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27
Q

Chain of carbon and hydrogen bonded together-organic molecules

A

Hydrocarbon

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28
Q

Alcohol group-dissolves organic compounds.

A

Hydroxyl

29
Q

Forms sugars (carbohydrates)

A

Carbonyl

30
Q

Acts as acids

A

Carboxl

31
Q

Acts as bases

A

Amino

32
Q

Written as SH or HS, stabilizes protein structure.

A

Sulfydryl

33
Q

Gives a molecule a negative charge and releases energy.

A

Phosphate

34
Q

(CH3) affects gene expression and sex determination.

A

Methyl

35
Q

The study of carbon compounds

A

Organic chemistry

36
Q

Macromolecules. Name them.

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids.

37
Q

Long chain of similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds.

A

Polymer

38
Q

Smaller molecule that constitute the building blocks for polymers.

A

Monomers

39
Q

Process when two monomers are bonded together to for a polymer.

A

Dehydration

40
Q

Process when polymers are broken down into monomers

A

Hydrolysis

41
Q

Consists of simple or complex sugars

A

Carbohydrate

42
Q

Simple sugar, monomers of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

43
Q

Polymer of carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharide

44
Q

Not true polymers, don’t have monomer units, mix poorly with water

A

Lipid

45
Q

Water hating

A

Hydrophobic

46
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

47
Q

Saturated and unsaturated fats

A

Fatty acids

48
Q

No double bonding between carbon, only 1 electron is shared. Single bond. Fats are solid at room temp.

A

Saturated fat

49
Q

Possess some double bonds between carbon. Liquid at room temp.

A

Unsaturated fats

50
Q

Main component of cell membranes. Only has two fatty acid tails. Similar
To fat molecules.

A

Phospholipid

51
Q

4 fused carbon rings

Produces hormones

A

Steroids

52
Q

Acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions

A

Enzyme

53
Q

Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions

A

Catalyst

54
Q

Determines shape and function of a protein

A

Polypeptide

55
Q

Possess both a carboxylate and amino functional group. Monomers for protein.

A

Amino acid

56
Q

Covalent bond between two amino acids

A

Peptide bond

57
Q

Arrangement of amino acid

A

Primary protein structure

58
Q

Twist and fold of a peptide. Determined by amino acid arrangement

A

Secondary protein structure

59
Q

3D shape of protein

A

Tertiary structure

60
Q

2 or more proteins

A

Quaternary structure

61
Q

Specific sequence of DNA that codes for the production of protein

A

Gene

62
Q

Provides direction for it’s replication

A

DNA

63
Q

Controls protein synthesis

A

RNA

64
Q

Compacted DNA strand that carries genetic info.

A

Chromosome

65
Q

Sugar and phosphate bond- links two adjacent nucleotides

A

Polynucleotide

66
Q

Store and transmit genetic info

A

Nucleic acid

67
Q

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

A

Pyrimidine

68
Q

Adenine, guanine

A

Purine

69
Q

Base pairing allows for self replication

A

Antiparallel

Biology 101 Chapters 1-5 Vocab (1 decks)

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