Bio chap 1-5

Question 0

Consisting of two or more different elements.

Answer 0

Compounds

Question 1

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction

Answer 1

Elements

Question 2

The smallest component of An element

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Protons, electrons, neutrons

Answer 3

Subatomic particles

Question 4

Different number of neutrons in atoms of the same element.

Answer 4

Isotope

Question 5

Electrons present in the outermost shell. Determines characteristics of the element.

Answer 5

Valence electrons

Question 6

Outermost shells containing electrons

Answer 6

Valence shells

Question 7

A shared bond. Strongest bond

Answer 7

Covalent bond

Question 8

Sharing of electrons is equal.

Answer 8

Non polar covalent bond

Question 9

Sharing of electrons is unequal.

Answer 9

Polar covalent bond

Question 10

Transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Answer 10

Ionic bond

Question 11

A particle that is electrically charged.

Answer 11

Ion

Question 12

Positive ion

Answer 12

Cation

Question 13

Negative ion

Answer 13

Anion

Question 14

Chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between 2 electronegative atoms. With one side being a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond.

Answer 14

Hydrogen bond

Question 15

Binding together of like molecules

Answer 15

Cohesion

Question 16

Surface of liquid becomes cooler during evaporation.

Answer 16

Evaporative cooling

Question 17

Homogenous mixture of substances.

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

Dissolving agent

Answer 18

Solvent

Question 19

Substance being dissolved.

Answer 19

Solute

Question 20

Substance that increases it’s hydrogen ion concentration.- will donate a proton.

Answer 20

Acid

Question 21

Substance that reduces it’s hydrogen ion bases. -will accept protons.

Answer 21

Base

Question 22

H3O+

Answer 22

Hydronium ion

Question 23

H2O => H+ + OH-

Answer 23

Hydroxide ion

Question 24

Measure of H+ concentrations

Answer 24

pH

Question 25

Able to absorb OR donate H+. Neutral.

Answer 25

Buffer

Question 26

Acts as a branching point for other elements.

Answer 26

Tetra valence

Question 27

Chain of carbon and hydrogen bonded together-organic molecules

Answer 27

Hydrocarbon

Question 28

Alcohol group-dissolves organic compounds.

Answer 28

Hydroxyl

Question 29

Forms sugars (carbohydrates)

Answer 29

Carbonyl

Question 30

Acts as acids

Answer 30

Carboxl

Question 31

Acts as bases

Answer 31

Amino

Question 32

Written as SH or HS, stabilizes protein structure.

Answer 32

Sulfydryl

Question 33

Gives a molecule a negative charge and releases energy.

Answer 33

Phosphate

Question 34

(CH3) affects gene expression and sex determination.

Answer 34

Methyl

Question 35

The study of carbon compounds

Answer 35

Organic chemistry

Question 36

Macromolecules. Name them.

Answer 36

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids.

Question 37

Long chain of similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds.

Answer 37

Polymer

Question 38

Smaller molecule that constitute the building blocks for polymers.

Answer 38

Monomers

Question 39

Process when two monomers are bonded together to for a polymer.

Answer 39

Dehydration

Question 40

Process when polymers are broken down into monomers

Answer 40

Hydrolysis

Question 41

Consists of simple or complex sugars

Answer 41

Carbohydrate

Question 42

Simple sugar, monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 42

Monosaccharides

Question 43

Polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 43

Polysaccharide

Question 44

Not true polymers, don't have monomer units, mix poorly with water

Answer 44

Lipid

Question 45

Water hating

Answer 45

Hydrophobic

Question 46

Water loving

Answer 46

Hydrophilic

Question 47

Saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 47

Fatty acids

Question 48

No double bonding between carbon, only 1 electron is shared. Single bond. Fats are solid at room temp.

Answer 48

Saturated fat

Question 49

Possess some double bonds between carbon. Liquid at room temp.

Answer 49

Unsaturated fats

Question 50

Main component of cell membranes. Only has two fatty acid tails. Similar To fat molecules.

Answer 50

Phospholipid

Question 51

4 fused carbon rings | Produces hormones

Answer 51

Steroids

Question 52

Acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions

Answer 52

Enzyme

Question 53

Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions

Answer 53

Catalyst

Question 54

Determines shape and function of a protein

Answer 54

Polypeptide

Question 55

Possess both a carboxylate and amino functional group. Monomers for protein.

Answer 55

Amino acid

Question 56

Covalent bond between two amino acids

Answer 56

Peptide bond

Question 57

Arrangement of amino acid

Answer 57

Primary protein structure

Question 58

Twist and fold of a peptide. Determined by amino acid arrangement

Answer 58

Secondary protein structure

Question 59

3D shape of protein

Answer 59

Tertiary structure

Question 60

2 or more proteins

Answer 60

Quaternary structure

Question 61

Specific sequence of DNA that codes for the production of protein

Answer 61

Gene

Question 62

Provides direction for it's replication

Answer 62

DNA

Question 63

Controls protein synthesis

Answer 63

RNA

Question 64

Compacted DNA strand that carries genetic info.

Answer 64

Chromosome

Question 65

Sugar and phosphate bond- links two adjacent nucleotides

Answer 65

Polynucleotide

Question 66

Store and transmit genetic info

Answer 66

Nucleic acid

Question 67

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Answer 67

Pyrimidine

Question 68

Adenine, guanine

Answer 68

Purine

Question 69

Base pairing allows for self replication

Answer 69

Antiparallel