Bio Ch.30-32

Question 0

What happens in sexual reproduction?

Answer 0

Sperm and eggs unite to form a zygote.

The zygote undergoes cleavage.

Question 1

Characteristics common to most animals.

Answer 1

• Eukaryotic
• multicellular heterotrophs
• a diverse body plan
• capable of locomotion some time during their life cycle

Question 2

Advantages of life in the ocean.

Answer 2

• stable temperature
• provides buoyancy
• more readily available food

Question 3

Disadvantage of life in water

Answer 3

Currents and water movements.

Question 4

Disadvantages of living in fresh water

Answer 4

Less constant environment, with less food.

Animals must osmoregulate.

Question 5

Disadvantages of living on land.

Answer 5

Animals must have adaptations that protect them from dying out and temperature changes, also to protect their gametes and embryos.

Question 6

What is cephalization?

Answer 6

Development of a head, evolved with bilateral symmetry.

Question 7

What happened during the Cambrian radiation ?

Answer 7

New animal body plans rapidly evolved among class already existing.

Question 8

Biologist hypothesize that cnidarians and ctenophores are closely related because they share what?

Answer 8

Radial symmetry

Question 9

This gives rise to the body covering and nervous system.

Answer 9

Ectoderm

Question 10

Describe the endoderm.

Answer 10

Lines the gut and other digestive organs.

Question 11

Acoelomate

Answer 11

No body cavity

Question 12

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 12

Body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm

Question 13

A body cavity completely line with the mesoderm

Answer 13

Coelom

Question 14

Name the two major branches of bilateral animals.

Answer 14

Protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 15

What kind of cleavage do protostomes undergo?

Answer 15

Spiral. ( early cell divisions are diagonal to the polar axis)
-determinate cleavage

Question 16

What kind of cleavage do deuterostomes undergo?

Answer 16

• Radial cleavage (cell divisions are either parallel or at right angles to the polar axis.
• indeterminate cleavage

Question 17

Protostomes are divided into which 2 major clades?

Answer 17

Lophotrochozoa and ecydsozoa.

Question 18

Give examples of Lophotrochozoa.

Answer 18

Flatworms, ribbon worms, mollusks, annelids, Rotifers.

Question 19

Give examples of ecydsozoa.

Answer 19

(Animals that molt)

-nematodes and arthropods

Question 20

Phylum Porifera

Answer 20

Consist of sponges, animals characterized by flagellate collar cells.

Question 21

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 21

• Characterized by radial symmetry
• Two tissue layers
• Cnidocytes(cells that contain stinging organelles)

Question 22

Hermaphrodite

Answer 22

Can produce both egg and sperm

Question 23

True coelom

Answer 23

Fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by a mesoderm

Question 24

- Enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure. | - A Space in which internal organs can develop.

Answer 24

Coelom

Question 26

Examples of Lophotrochozoa

Answer 26

Nemerteans, mollusks, annelids, Rotifers

Question 27

Examples of EcdysoZoa

Answer 27

Roundworms , arthropods

Question 28

What group do protostomes belong to ?

Answer 28

Monophyletic

Question 29

This phylum includes, clams, oysters, snails, slugs, large invertebrates etc

Answer 29

Phylum mollusca

Question 30

Largest group of mollusks

Answer 30

Gastropoda

Question 31

Major classes of phylum mollusca

Answer 31

Polyplacophora, Gastropoda , bivalvia, Cephalopoda

Question 32

Example and characteristics of polyplacophora

Answer 32

Chitons - marine animals with shell - broad foot used for locomotion

Question 33

Example and characteristics of Gastropoda

Answer 33

Snails, slugs - marine, freshwater or terrestrial - coiled shell - well developed head with tentacles and eyes

Question 34

Example and characteristics of bivalvia

Answer 34

- clams, oyster, mussel - marine or freshwater - suspension feeders

Question 35

Example and characteristics of cephalopods

Answer 35

- squids, octopods | - marine , predatory, well developed eyes

Question 36

Centipedes and millipedes belong to what phylum?

Answer 36

Myriapoda

Question 37

Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, etc belong to what phylum ?

Answer 37

Crustacea

Question 38

Insects belong to what phylum ?

Answer 38

Hexapoda

Question 39

Mollusks are

Answer 39

- Soft bodied | - have an open circulatory system( with an exception of cephalopods)

Question 40

Nematodes have a

Answer 40

Pseudocoelom

Question 41

Characteristics of arthproda

Answer 41

Paired jointed appendages Exoskeleton made of chitin Molting

Question 42

Deuterostomes are divided into what two phylums?

Answer 42

Echinoderms and chordates

Question 43

Example of echinoderm

Answer 43

Sea star, sea urchin , sand dollar

Question 44

example of chordates

Answer 44

Humans, vertebrates

Question 45

An acorn worm is

Answer 45

A hemichordate(animals that live buried in sand or mud)

Question 46

Main classes of Echinoderms

Answer 46

Asteroidea - sea stars Ophiuroidea - brittle stars Echinoidea- sea urchin, sand dollar Holothuroidea- sea cucumbers

Question 47

Most unique derived characteristics of echinoderm

Answer 47

- Water vascular system - endoskeleton - well developed coelom - tube feet

Question 48

At some time in its life, a chordate has

Answer 48

- a notochord - a dorsal, tubular nerve cord - post anal tail - an endostyle

Question 50

Name two main branches of protostomes.

Answer 50

Lophotrochozoa and EcdysoZoa