Bio Ch25&26

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

The evolutionary history of a species or group of species

Question 2

Binomial

Answer 2

Two part format of the scientific name

Question 3

Taxonomy

Answer 3

How organisms are named and classified

Question 4

Linnaean classification

Answer 4

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 5

Analogy

Answer 5

Convergent evolution not shared ancestry

Question 6

Homoplasies

Answer 6

Analogous structures that arose independently

Question 7

Cladistics

Answer 7

Common ancestry used as primary criterion to classify organisms

Question 8

Clades

Answer 8

Groups of species

Question 9

Monophyletic

Answer 9

A single ancestral species and all of its descendants

Question 10

Paraphyleric

Answer 10

An ancestral species and SOME of its descendants, not all

Question 11

Polyphyletic

Answer 11

Distantly related species but does not include most recent common ancestor

Question 12

Maximum parsimony

Answer 12

Investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with facts

Question 13

Maximum likelihood

Answer 13

Identifies the tree most likely to have produced a given set of DNA data

Question 14

Orthologous genes

Answer 14

Homology resulting from a speciation event (occurs in different species)

Question 15

Paralogous genes

Answer 15

Homology results from gene duplication (same species)

Question 16

Molecular clock

Answer 16

Approach for measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change based on observation of genes at constant rates

Question 17

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 17

Genes transfer from one genome to another through mechanisms such as viral infection