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hs-11 > Bio-ch1 > Flashcards

Bio-ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Taxonomy is the science of classification of living organisms.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of taxonomic categories?

A

Taxonomic categories help in the systematic organization and classification of living organisms based on their characteristics.

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3
Q

What is the highest taxonomic category?

A

The highest taxonomic category is the domain.

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4
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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5
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below domain?

A

The next taxonomic category below domain is kingdom.

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6
Q

How many kingdoms are there in the classification system?

A

There are five kingdoms in the classification system: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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7
Q

Which kingdom includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus?

A

The kingdom Monera includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus.

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8
Q

Which kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic?

A

The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic.

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9
Q

Which kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have cell walls made of chitin?

A

The kingdom Fungi includes organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have cell walls made of chitin.

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10
Q

Which kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic?

A

The kingdom Animalia includes organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic.

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11
Q

What are the next taxonomic categories below kingdom?

A

The next taxonomic categories below kingdom are phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

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12
Q

How are organisms classified into phyla?

A

Organisms are classified into phyla based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

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13
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below phylum?

A

The next taxonomic category below phylum is class.

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14
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below class?

A

The next taxonomic category below class is order.

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15
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below order?

A

The next taxonomic category below order is family.

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16
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below family?

A

The next taxonomic category below family is genus.

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17
Q

What is the next taxonomic category below genus?

A

The next taxonomic category below genus is species.

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18
Q

How is a species defined in taxonomy?

A

A species is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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19
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming species using the genus and species names.

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20
Q

Who is credited with developing binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus is credited with developing binomial nomenclature.

21
Q

What is the correct format for writing a scientific name using binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus species (italicized or underlined).

22
Q

What is a scientific name composed of?

A

A scientific name is composed of the genus name followed by the species name.

23
Q

What is the advantage of using binomial nomenclature in taxonomy?

A

Binomial nomenclature provides a universal system for naming and classifying organisms.

24
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

25
Q

How are organisms grouped on a cladogram?

A

Organisms are grouped on a cladogram based on shared characteristics and common ancestry.

26
Q

What is the purpose of constructing a cladogram?

A

The purpose of constructing a cladogram is to understand the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.

27
Q

What is a common ancestor on a cladogram?

A

A common ancestor on a cladogram is the point where two or more branches diverge.

28
Q

What is a derived trait on a cladogram?

A

A derived trait on a cladogram is a characteristic that is unique to a particular group of organisms.

29
Q

What is a shared derived trait on a cladogram?

A

A shared derived trait on a cladogram is a characteristic that is shared by a group of organisms due to a common ancestor.

30
Q

What is a node on a cladogram?

A

A node on a cladogram represents the most recent common ancestor of the organisms in that branch.

31
Q

What is a branch on a cladogram?

A

A branch on a cladogram represents a lineage of organisms and their evolutionary history.

32
Q

What is a clade on a cladogram?

A

A clade on a cladogram is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

33
Q

How are cladograms used in taxonomy?

A

Cladograms are used in taxonomy to classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics.

34
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.

35
Q

What is the goal of phylogenetics?

A

The goal of phylogenetics is to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among organisms and create phylogenetic trees.

36
Q

How does DNA sequencing contribute to phylogenetics?

A

DNA sequencing helps in determining the genetic relationships among organisms and constructing phylogenetic trees.

37
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms based on genetic or morphological data.

38
Q

What is the root of a phylogenetic tree?

A

The root of a phylogenetic tree represents the common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree.

39
Q

What is a branch point in a phylogenetic tree?

A

A branch point in a phylogenetic tree represents the divergence of two or more lineages from a common ancestor.

40
Q

What is a sister taxon on a phylogenetic tree?

A

A sister taxon on a phylogenetic tree is the closest relative of another taxon.

41
Q

How is the length of branches on a phylogenetic tree interpreted?

A

The length of branches on a phylogenetic tree represents the amount of evolutionary change that has occurred.

42
Q

What is a polytomy on a phylogenetic tree?

A

A polytomy on a phylogenetic tree is a node with more than two branches, indicating uncertainty in the relationships among taxa.

43
Q

What is a homologous trait?

A

A homologous trait is a characteristic shared by two or more species due to a common ancestor.

44
Q

What is an analogous trait?

A

An analogous trait is a characteristic shared by two or more species due to convergent evolution, not common ancestry.

45
Q

How are homologous traits used in phylogenetic analysis?

A

Homologous traits are used in phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms based on shared ancestry.

46
Q

How are analogous traits used in phylogenetic analysis?

A

Analogous traits are used in phylogenetic analysis to understand convergent evolution and the similarities among organisms that are not due to shared ancestry.

47
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures.

48
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups that can lead to the formation of new species.

hs-11 (1 decks)

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