Bio Ch: 8 Vocab

Question 1

The totality of an organisms chemical reactions; emergent property of life that arises fo interactions between molecules within the cell

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

the study of how organisms manage their energy resources

Answer 2

Bioenergetics

Question 3

A pathway that breaks down complex molecules and releases energy

Answer 3

Catabolic pathway

Question 4

A pathway that builds complicated molecules, consumes energy, synthesizes proteins, and requires energy

Answer 4

Anabolic pathway

Question 5

the capacity to cause change or do work

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

energy associated with motion

Answer 6

Kinetic energy

Question 7

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Answer 7

Potential energy

Question 8

potential energy that is available for release in a chemical reaction

Answer 8

Chemical energy

Question 9

the energy of the universe is constant

Answer 9

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 10

Study of energy transformation

Answer 10

Thermodynamics

Question 11

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy/ disorder of the universe

Answer 11

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 12

Measure of disorder

Answer 12

entropy

Question 13

measure of a systems instability, its tendency to change to a more stable state

Answer 13

Free energy

Question 14

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

Answer 14

Heat energy

Question 15

∆

Answer 15

change in

Question 16

a reaction has a positive ∆G, the products have more free energy than the reactants, does not proceed spontaneously, and requires the input of energy

Answer 16

Endergonic reaction

Question 17

has a negative ∆G, products have less free energy than the reactants, can proceed spontaneously, and energy is released during reaction

Answer 17

Exergonic reaction

Question 18

3 types of cellular work

Answer 18

• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Transport

Question 19

the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Answer 19

energy coupling

Question 20

the cells main energy shuttle

Answer 20

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 21

energy required to de-stabalize the exiting chemical bonds

Answer 21

Activation energy

Question 22

help stress bonds lower the activation energy required to start a reaction

Answer 22

Enzymes (catalysts)

Question 23

the reactant an enzyme acts on

Answer 23

Substrate

Question 24

binds to the substrate forming an enzyme- substrate complex

Answer 24

Enzyme

Question 25

spot on the enzyme where the substrate binds/ fits in

Answer 25

Active spot

Question 26

when a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction

Answer 26

Induced fit

Question 27

enzyme helpers

nonproteins

Answer 27

cofactors

Question 28

organic cofactors that are non-proteins

Answer 28

coenzymes

Question 29

binds to an enzyme, decreases activity

Answer 29

inhibitor

Question 30

bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

Answer 30

competitive inhibitor

Question 31

bind to a different part of the enzyme, changing the function/shape

Answer 31

noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 32

can amplify the activity of an enzyme

Answer 32

cooperativity

Question 33

reaction that requires the input of energy to proceed, is not spontaneous

Answer 33

endergonic

Question 34

reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous

Answer 34

exergonic reaction