BIO - Ch. 5 Cellular Biology

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic functional unit of life
3. The chemical reactions of life take place inside the cell
4. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
5. Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Components of the cell which are specialized in their structure and function. Include: nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, vesicles, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and centrioles

Question 3

Six Kingdoms

Answer 3

Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 4

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 4

States that the cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with freely movable proteins embedded throughout

Question 5

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 5

Long, nonpolar, hydrophobic, “fatty” chains of carbon and hydrogen face each other in the water-free region, while the phosphorus-containing, polar, hydrophilic heads face outside, towards the watery regions inside and outside the cell

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Contains DNA, which are packaged by histones to form chromosomes.

Nucleolus contains ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which creates proteins at the ribosome

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

Created by the nucleolus and are responsible for protein production

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Smooth ER: No ribosomes and hence, no protein production. Involved with metabolism and lipid production
Rough ER: Contains ribosomes and hence, protein production

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Receives vesicles from smooth ER and repackages them and prepares them for exocytosis

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Supply energy in the form of ATP

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where most of the metabolism occurs. Made up of cytosol (inner fluid of cell). Transport occurs by cyclosis (streaming movement within the cell)

Question 12

Vacuoles/Vesicles

Answer 12

Involved in the transport and storage of materials that are ingested, secreted, processed, or digested by the cell. Vacuoles are larger and more common in plants

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Only in animals. Not membrane bound. Composed of microtubules and are involved in spindle formation during cell division. Pairs are located in centrosome

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular digestion. When a cell wants to self-destruct (called autolysis), it will rupture the lysosome, freeing the hydrolytic enzymes within which destroy the rest of the cell

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Supports the cell and maintains its shape. Composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Microtubules are hollow rods of tubulin which provide a framework for cell movement. Cilia and flagella are microtubules

Microfilaments are solid rods of actin and are important for cell movement and support