Bio cells Flashcards
Structure and description
Cell membrane
Structure: Felxible bilayer of phospholipipds that surrounds the cell.
Function: Gatekeeper, regulates. the exchange of materials with the extracellular enviroment.
Cell wall plant only
Structure: rigid and porous cellulose structure found outside the cell membrane.
Function: provides support and protection to the plant cell.
Nucleus
Structure: The double layer membrane that is perforated by pores. Nuclear lamina is a network of filaments that gives structure to the nucleus.
Function: Contains and protects the genetic material in the form of DNA.
Nucleur pore
Structure: A hole in the nucleur membrane.
Function: Selects what goes in and out.
Nucleolus or nucleoli
Structure: Round body found CENTER of nucleus.
Function: Makes RIBOSOME parts.
Ribosome
Structure: protein complexes with small and large sub unit.
Function:
a) free ribosome, suspended in the cytosol and costruct proteins in it.
b) Attached ribosome, attached to RER. Mostly used for secretion of proteins.
Rough Endplasmic Reticulum
Structure: Double membrane channels.
Functions: ER with ribosomes attached to them. As polypeptide chain that makes a protein is synthesized by an attached ribosome. Threaded through the pores in the RER membrane.
Nucleoplasm
Structure: fluid found in the nucleus.
Function: Transport medium and helps maintain nucleur shape.
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Structure: double membrane channels
Functions: in the synthesis of lipids, like fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids. Detoxify drugs and alcohol.
Golgi apparatus
Structure: stacked folds of membrane.
Function: vesicles arrive from the ER to the golgi with proteins that are modified and stored before being sent to their destinations.
Lysosome only in animal cell
Structure: A membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes.
Function: enzymes used to digest proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids.
phagocytosis - cell eating suicide sac
Vacoule
Structure: Membrane enclosed sac
Function:
a) food vacoule: food particles ingested by phagocytosis are in food vacuoles before fusing with lysosomes for digestion.
b) Contractile vacoule: collects and pumps water out of the cells freshwater protists.
c) Central vacoule: a large vacoule in plant cell that functions in the storage of a cariety of materials like proteins, ions, wastes, pigments, and water.
Mitochondria
Structure: Enclosed double membrane, inner membrane(cristae) is highly folded to increase surface area. (enzymes needed for cellular respiration in the inner membrane)
Function: the sites of cellular respiration.
Glucose + O2 —–> CO2 + H2O + energy
Chloroplast plant cell only
Structure: eenclosed double membrane.
Function: Site of photosynthesis.
chlorophyll gives them the green colour
CO2 + H2O + sunlight —–> O2 + glucose
Centrosome
Structure: Barrel shaped and houses 2 centrioles.
Function: Organization of spindles used during cell division of mitosis.
Contains a true nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
Compact form of DNA found in the nucleus
chromosomes
photosynthesis in plants
chloroplast
junctions that allows plant cells to exchange cytoplasmic materials
Plasmodesmata
Extension of the cytoskeleton that aids in locomotion
Flagellum
provides structural support to all cells
cytoskeleton
responsible for turning hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomes
organelle that produces ribosomes
Nucleus
Large space in the plant cell, maintains turgor pressure
central vacoule
primitive cell type with no membrane bound organelles
prokaryotic cell
2 organelles come together to form _______ to release spindle fibres
Centrioles or centrosomes
small membrane enclosed sac that stores and transports different subtances in and out of the cell
vesicle
Organelle that contains digestive enzymes and breaks down foreign particles and waste
lysosomes
