BIO- building blocks of life Flashcards
7 characteristics of living organisms (MRS GREN)
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
Definition of movement
an action that a living organism does
Define reproduction
producing the same species to ensure the survival of them
Define sesitivity
the ability to detect and sense stimuli
Define growth
increase in the number of cells present
Define Respiration
process of converting glucose to energy, takes place in every cell
Excretion
the removal of metabolic waste
Nutrition
taking in materials for energy
cell wall
gives shape to the cell
cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cell
cytoplasm
where cell reaction takes place
chloroplast
contains chloroplast, allows photosynthesis to take place
Mitochondria
where energy is released, aerobic respiration takes place
Ribosomes
makes protein
Nucleus
Controls the activities in the cell, contains the main information
Vacuole
Like a storage space for the cell
Ciliated cell
Function: prevent pathogens from entering the lungs
Structure:
-hair-like (cilia) structures beat regularly to waft dust and mucus particles
- many mitochondria which provides energy needed to move the cillia
Root hair cell
Function: absorbs water and minerals for the plant
Structure: elongation increases surface area
Palisade mesophyll cells
Function: To make food for the plants
Structure: Large surface area and lots of chloroplast
Red blood cell
Function: Transports oxygen
Structure:
- bioconcave shape to squeeze through capillaries and increase surface area
- no nucleus to maximise amount of oxygen absorbed
Sperm
Function: fertilise the egg cell
Structure:
- enzyme at the tip to break down outer layer of egg cell
- flagellum to swim
Egg cell
Function: to be fertilised by the sperm cell
Structure:
- Many mitochondria which releases energy for the cell to be begin to divide when fertilised
- jelly coating to protect the egg
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are equal
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration between two areas
Osmosis
The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane
Turgid
When a cell becomes plump and swollen from absorbing too much water
Turgor pressure
Pressure from fluid within the cell pushing against the cell wall
Flaccid
When the internal water pressure is too low to keep the cell rigid
Water potential
Concentration of water within a cell
Aerobic respiration
Energy released in the presence of oxygen
Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Anaerobic respiration
Energy produced without the presence of oxygen
Word equation for anaerobic
Glucose= lactic acid + energy
Oxygen debt
The amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body’s reserves of oxygen
Word equation for anaerobic respiration for yeast
Glucose = carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy
Role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making
- respire anaerobically in order to survive
- Carbon dioxide produced
- causes bread to rise
