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IGCSE science > BIO- building blocks of life > Flashcards

BIO- building blocks of life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 characteristics of living organisms (MRS GREN)

A

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Definition of movement

A

an action that a living organism does

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3
Q

Define reproduction

A

producing the same species to ensure the survival of them

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4
Q

Define sesitivity

A

the ability to detect and sense stimuli

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5
Q

Define growth

A

increase in the number of cells present

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6
Q

Define Respiration

A

process of converting glucose to energy, takes place in every cell

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7
Q

Excretion

A

the removal of metabolic waste

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8
Q

Nutrition

A

taking in materials for energy

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9
Q

cell wall

A

gives shape to the cell

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

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11
Q

cytoplasm

A

where cell reaction takes place

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12
Q

chloroplast

A

contains chloroplast, allows photosynthesis to take place

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

where energy is released, aerobic respiration takes place

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

makes protein

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activities in the cell, contains the main information

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16
Q

Vacuole

A

Like a storage space for the cell

17
Q

Ciliated cell

A

Function: prevent pathogens from entering the lungs
Structure:
-hair-like (cilia) structures beat regularly to waft dust and mucus particles
- many mitochondria which provides energy needed to move the cillia

18
Q

Root hair cell

A

Function: absorbs water and minerals for the plant
Structure: elongation increases surface area

19
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells

A

Function: To make food for the plants
Structure: Large surface area and lots of chloroplast

20
Q

Red blood cell

A

Function: Transports oxygen
Structure:
- bioconcave shape to squeeze through capillaries and increase surface area
- no nucleus to maximise amount of oxygen absorbed

21
Q

Sperm

A

Function: fertilise the egg cell
Structure:
- enzyme at the tip to break down outer layer of egg cell
- flagellum to swim

22
Q

Egg cell

A

Function: to be fertilised by the sperm cell
Structure:
- Many mitochondria which releases energy for the cell to be begin to divide when fertilised
- jelly coating to protect the egg

23
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are equal

24
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration between two areas

25
Q

Osmosis

A

The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane

26
Q

Turgid

A

When a cell becomes plump and swollen from absorbing too much water

27
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Pressure from fluid within the cell pushing against the cell wall

28
Q

Flaccid

A

When the internal water pressure is too low to keep the cell rigid

29
Q

Water potential

A

Concentration of water within a cell

30
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Energy released in the presence of oxygen

31
Q

Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

32
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Energy produced without the presence of oxygen

33
Q

Word equation for anaerobic

A

Glucose= lactic acid + energy

34
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body’s reserves of oxygen

35
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration for yeast

A

Glucose = carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy

36
Q

Role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making

A
  • respire anaerobically in order to survive
  • Carbon dioxide produced
  • causes bread to rise

IGCSE science (1 decks)

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