Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DAT > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Reticular Activating System?

A

Sleep-wake transitions, behavioral motivations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fixed Action Patterns Include?

A

Innate responses, and releasers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Daily cycles of behavior?

A

Cricardian Rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Habituation

A

Suppression of normal startle responses to stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classical Conditioning also called?

A

Pavlovian, Conditioned Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reward or reinforcement what type?

A

Operant or instrumental conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BF Skinner experiments included?

A

+,- reinforcement, punishment, habit family hierarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Imprinting?

A

Behavior presented in critical period of development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Songs, calls, intentional behavior changes are?

A

Displays (Repro, agonistic, antagonistic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dominant over subordinate when disputations arise?

A

pecking order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reversible behavior change in recipient?

A

Releaser Pheromones (sex-attract, toxic defense, alarm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

long term behavioral or physical change in recipient?

A

Primer Pheromones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Population?

A

Organisms same species living together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Community

A

Different populations (plant, animal) interacting in given environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ecosystem

A

Includes communities and environment (abiotic, biotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biosphere

A

portions of planet that support life (atmosphere, litho-, hydro-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors of Substratum (in soil)

A

PH, Loams (mixed soil), Minerals, Humus (amount of decay), texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Niche

A

Functional role of organism, no two species can ever have same niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symbiosis Types?

A

obligatory, commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

One or both organisms cannot survive without the other.

A

Obligatory Symbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Benefit and Not affected? (Remora & Shark)

A

Commensalism (barnacle, whale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Both organisms derive benefit (Rino Bird)

A

Mutualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

One organism benefits at expense of other

A

Parasitism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carnivores and Herbivores (feed on other living)

A

Predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Decompose (Fungi, Protists)

A

Saprophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Relations between species (Competitive, cohesive forces)

A

Interspecific interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What secretes uric acid crystals to conserve water

A

Insects (Type of osmoregulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cold blooded animals are called

A

Poikilothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What types of animals are homeothermic

A

mammals birds (warm blooded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Aspects of food pyramid

A

review energy, number,mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Nitrogen cycle pg 259 Kap

A

Review pic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Climax Community

A

Final most stable stage of ecological succession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dominent species in grassland is?

A

Grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Small plants animals, plants conserve water, few birds and mammals

A

Desert Biome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Low rainfall, no shelter, mammals hoofed long legs,

A

Grasslands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

High temp and rain, dense growth, epiphytes, saprophytes

A

Tropical Rain Forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cold winter, warm summer, moderate rainfall, oak, maple willow

A

Temperate Deciduous Forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cold, dry, fir, pine, spruce,

A

Temperate Coniferous forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Long cold winter, spruce, Moss lichens, Moose

A

Taiga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Treeless frozen, Lichens, moss, polar bear, Musk oxen,

A

Tundra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

No vegetation few animals near polar oceans

A

polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What percent of earths photosynthetic activity takes place in water

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Most stable ecosystem?

A

Aquatic (Most connections in food web)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Region exposed to low tides, variation in temp.

A

Intertidal Zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Region on continental shelf extends hundreds of miles beyond shore

A

Littoral Zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Two zones of Pelagic Zone

A

Photic, aphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Locus?

A

location on chromosome where gene is located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Allele

A

one of several varieties of gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ratio for Pp * PP

A

F1- F2-1/2 PP 1/2 Pp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

YYRR * yyrr … F1 F2?

A

F1- 1 YyRr F2 9:3:3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Snapdragons whit + red = pink is…

A

Incomplete dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Both fully expressed

A

co dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Blood possible Geno and Pheno

A

(Multiple Alleles) 6-Geno 4-Pheno ( A B AB O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

One Gene effects the phenotype of another gene?

A

Epistasis (Pigmentation of mice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Single gene with more than one pheno

A

Pleiotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Single pheno from multiple genes?

A

Polygenic Inheritance (Human height, skin color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

All chromosomes undergo nondisjunction?

A

Polyploidy (common in plants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Types of point mutations?

A

substitution, deletion, insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is a genome with extra or missing chromosomes called?

A

Aneuploidy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Types of chromosomal aberrations?

A

Duplication, inversion, translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Lytic & Lysogenic life cycles, have DNA or RNA

A

Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Lack Nucleus, asexual, no membrane bound organelles.

A

Monera aka: prokaryotes like bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Primitive eukaryotes plant and animal like, membrane bound nucleus and organelles

A

Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Non photosynthetic cell wall chitin not cellulose. (Saprophytic, Parasitic)

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

call wall, photosynthetic, withstand extreme temperatures. No flagella or true nucleus

A

Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Cell wall single loop DNA not enclosed

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

amoebas, ciliophors single celled heterotrophs

A

Protazoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Photosynthetic, photoplankton, or Euglena move about for food.

A

Algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Many Nuclei in mass of protoplasm, asexual by sporulation

A

Slime Mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Asexual sporulation, heterotrophs, decomposing organic material

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

simple, few specialized tissues, live in moist, gametophyte is dominant,

A

Bryophyta (Moss, Liverworts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Sporophyte dominant 4 subdivisions, deep roots

A

Tracheophyta (psilophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta,pteropyta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Primitive, Rhizoids instead of roots, one vasculat bundle (eg: Psilotum)

A

Psilophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Non-woody roots, microphyll leaves

A

Lycophyta (Club Mosses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Hollow Joint stems

A

Sphenophyta (Horse tail)

76
Q

Gametophyte has heart shaped leaves, sporophyte is dominant, sporangium on underside of leaves, underground stem

A

pterophytes (ferns)

77
Q

Naked Seeded Plant, grow in diameter and length.

A

Gymnosperms

78
Q

Flowering plants, ovary ripens in to fruit

A

Angiosperms

79
Q

Sporophyte dominant, microscopic gametophyte carried in wind,

A

Conifers (spruce, pine, fur)

80
Q

Female cone sporangia produce

A

megaspores

81
Q

Male cone sporangia produce.

A

microspores

82
Q

Angiosperm Megaspores are made by

A

ovary of female pistil

83
Q

Angiosperm Microspores aer made by

A

anther of male stamen

84
Q

Dicotyledons Characteristics & Examples

A

Two Cotyledons, Maple, Apple tree, potato, carrot, goldenrod, buttercup flowers multiple 4 or 5

85
Q

Monocotyledons Characteristics, Examples

A

Single cotelydon, nonwoody, flower multiples of 3, (grass, wheat, corn, rye, rice, banannas, palms,

86
Q

Sponges, pores, 2 layers of cells

87
Q

Ecto & Endoderm, tentacles & Stingers

A

Cnidarians (jellyfish, anemone, coral)

88
Q

no circulatory system, bilaterally symmetrical 3 layers of cells (flatworms)

A

Platyhelminthes

89
Q

No Circulatory system, long tube with anus, hookworm

A

Nematoda (roundworm)

90
Q

Coelom (body cavity) well defined systems (earth worms, leeches)

A

Anelida (segmented worm)

91
Q

Secrete exoskeleton, gills, chambered heart (clam snail squid)

92
Q

Jointed appendages, chitin, open circ syteam 3 classes

A

Arthropoda (insect, arachnids, crustaceans)

93
Q

Spiny radially symmetrical water vascular system, starfish, sea urchin

A

Echinoderms

94
Q

Notochord, paired gills, tail beyond anus

95
Q

Eel-like, notochord though life, no jaw, sucking, hagfish, lamprey

A

Jawless fish

96
Q

Jaws, teeth, segments between cartilaginous vertebra shark

A

cartilaginous fish

97
Q

scales, lack notochord, bony skeleton trout tuna

98
Q

leathery eggs, horny bills, no nipples, platypus, anteater

A

Monetremes

99
Q

Homologus Structures

A

Have same basic anatomical features, and evolutionary origins. (wings bat and flippers whale)

100
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

appear to be useless but had some ancient function

101
Q

Changes arise from need (use or disuse theory)

A

Lamarckian

102
Q

P^2 2Pp p^2 = 1 know hwo to use

A

P^2 = TT 2Pp= Tt p^2 = tt

103
Q

change in composition of gene pool due to chance

A

genetic drift

104
Q

Migration of individuals between populations > changes

105
Q

small local polpulation

106
Q

emergence of a number of lineages from single ancestral species

A

adaptive radiation

107
Q

Different species evolve in similar ways when exposed to similar enviroment

A

convergent evolution

108
Q

Isolated and species change and grow appart

A

divergent evolution

109
Q

two species evolve and don’t converge or diverge

A

parallel evolution

110
Q

DNA grows and duplicates in the ..

111
Q

Cleavage Furrow and cell plate in ..

A

animal and plant respectivly

112
Q

DNA grows and duplicates in the ..

113
Q

Cleavage Furrow and cell plate in ..

A

animal and plant respectivly

114
Q

What are the pruducts of Glycolosis

A

2 Nadh, 2 pyruvate, 2(Net) ATP

115
Q

What happens between Glycolosis and Krebs

A

Pyruvate + CoA > Acetal CoA + Nadh + CO2

116
Q

What does Krebs Produce

A

1 Pyruvate = ( 2 Nadh, 1 Fadh, 1 Atp) x 2

117
Q

Oxidatice Phosphorilation occurs in?

A

Cristea (Inner Membrane) of Mito

118
Q

What happens in the Matrix of the Mitochondira

A

Krebs, and Fixing

119
Q

What is Chemiosis?

A

ATP gen mechanism with H+ Gradiant

120
Q

Beta oxidation turns fatty acid into?

A

Acetal CoA

121
Q

Calvin cycle makes

A

CO2 and ATP into Glucose (Dark Rxn)

122
Q

Rubisco does what?

A

Makes CO2 combine with RuBP

123
Q

Photophosphorylation makes?

A

H2O + Light > O2 ATP (light rxn, cyclic and noncyclic)

124
Q

Stroma? What occurs here?

A

Fluid in chloroplast, CAlvin occurs here

125
Q

Thykaloids? What Occurs here?

A

Pancake Membrane, Granum is stack of thykaloids, PS 1 PS2

126
Q

what is C4 Photosynth?

A

Bundle Sheath, overcomes Rubisco’s ability to fix O2, can reduce time that stoma are open

127
Q

CAM

A

Allows Photosynth to work during day while stoma are closed (Malic acid)

128
Q

What connects Osaki Fragments?

A

DNA Ligase

129
Q

What does topoisomerase Do?

A

Helps to unwind and relieve tension on DNA

130
Q

Introns Vs Exons?

A

Exons are translated, Introns are not

131
Q

SnRNPS do What?

A

delete introns and allow exons to be spliced.

132
Q

what unique structures are at the ens of MRNA?

A

5’ Cap and 3’ Poly A Tail

133
Q

Frame shifts occur due to what type of point mutation?

A

Deletion and Insertion

134
Q

Silent Mutation?

A

New Codon still codes for same AA

135
Q

Missense Mutation?

A

New Codon codes for new AA

136
Q

Nonsense Mutation?

A

New Codon codes for Stop Codon

137
Q

Euchromatin vs HeteroChromatin?

A

Eu- is unwound Het- is still tight around histone (Methylation tightens acetalation loosens)

138
Q

Bacteria cells reproduce via?

A

Binary Fussion

139
Q

Analegous Structures are?

A

Similar in structure/ function, Disimilar in origin.

140
Q

Bacteria exchange DNA through

A

Conjugation

141
Q

Directional Selection

A

Favors traits at one end of an extremem range

142
Q

Bottleneck?

A

occurs population undergoes dramatic decrease in size

143
Q

Allopatric Seciation

A

when Pops are divided by geographic barier

144
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

new species with out geographic barrier

145
Q

Coevolution

A

tit for tat evo in response to ne adaptations

146
Q

Hyphae

A

Fungi grown filaments (bundle is mycelium)

147
Q

Mammals convert NH3 into _ in the liver

148
Q

resting neuron has Na & K where?

A

Na Outside K Inside

149
Q

Draw sarcomere

A

M-line (actin) In A band then I (myosin) to Z- Band

150
Q

Substance secreted by virus invaded cell?

A

Interferons

151
Q

B cells work in what response?

A

Humoral (antibody response)

152
Q

Cell mediated response is uses?

153
Q

Hormones can be?

A

peptides, modified AA, steroids

154
Q

Implanted embryo secretes?

A

HCG which maintains corpus lutetium

155
Q

Luteal phase begins?

A

Corpus Luteum begins secreting E & P

156
Q

Taxis is? Kineses?

A

Directed movement toward stimulus, Kineses is undirected movement

157
Q

Associative learning is?

A

Classical conditioning. performs behavior with substitute stim

158
Q

Operant Learning?

A

Connects behavior with enviromental response, + or -

159
Q

Animal without special defense mech mimics color of animal that does.

A

Bastian mimicry

160
Q

How much energy is typically transfered from one level of the food pyramid to the next?

161
Q

Plants that live commensally on other plants?

162
Q

1 Glucose = how many ATP?

163
Q

Region of Kidney w/ Highest osmolarity?

A

Inner Medulla

164
Q

Someone with alkaline blood would secrete alot of _

165
Q

What happens first neurulation or gastrulation.

A

Gast then Nur

166
Q

calvin cycle produces

A

6Co2 + 6 RuPB > 12 PGA…. 1 Gluc (Product of 6 turns)

167
Q

Archenteron

A

beginning of primitive gut

168
Q

Anaphase begins as

A

Chromosomes reach opposite poles

169
Q

what produces spores in plants?

170
Q

Syngammy

A

also called fertilization

171
Q

Pairing of Homo Chromosomes in meiosis?

172
Q

when does crossing over occur?

A

prophase 1

173
Q

Cheif cells produce

A

pepsinogen then HCL makes it into pepsin

174
Q

what does CCK do?

A

releases bile from gall bladder and enzymes from pancreas

175
Q

Insects respire primarily through?

176
Q

TLC =

A

Residual volume (RC) + Vital capacity (VC)

177
Q

NADH and FADH2 are produced in what ratio?

178
Q

Pyruvate to Acytalcoa happen in

179
Q

Krebs produces?

A

6NADH 2FADH2 2ATP 4 CO2

180
Q

Glucose to how many atp?

A

Glycolosis =2 ETC=34

181
Q

What has no circulatory system?

A

Cnidarians

182
Q

what do T P represent in ECG?

A

P is atrial depol T is repol

183
Q

steps of clot formation?

A

platelets + collagen>prothrombonin to thrombonin>fibrinogin activate fibrin>clot

184
Q

Chitin is found in?

A

insects, fungi, enchinoderms

185
Q

Nucleotide is made up of?

A

Nitro Base, Deoxy sugar, Phosphate

186
Q

steroids have how many carbon rings?

187
Q

Medulla Oblongata influences?

A

vasomotor, cardiac, respiratory, cough, sneeze, gag, vomit

DAT (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions