Bio Flashcards
Organization
Living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things.
Cell Composition
Living matter is always categorized into one or more cells.
Metabolism
Sum of all internal chemical change: anabolism (synthesis) and catabolism (digestion).
Responsiveness
The ability to react to stimuli (irritability or excitability).
Homeostasis
The maintenance of equilibrium of internal conditions.
Development
Differentiation and growth
Reproduction
The passing of genes into offsprings.
Or
The production of copies of themselves; passing of genes to osspring
Evolution of Population
Changes in genes
The Hierarchy of Complexity
Organism Organ system Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules
Negative Feedback
A reactant that causes decrease in function because of some kind of stimulus.
Ex: Temperature: If too hot, vessels in skin dilate to sweat and cool off. If too cold, vessels in skin constrict and being to shiver for warmth.
Positive Feedback
Enhances the original stimulus causing digression (abnormality) from the set point.
Ex: Childbirth, blood clotting, and generation of nerve signals
Catalyst
Proteins called enzymes.
Reaction rates increase when…
- The reactants are more concentrated.
- Temperature rises
- A catalyst is present
Four categories of carbon composition:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleus Acids
Macromolecules
Very large organic molecules with high molecular weights.
Ex: proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nuclei acids
Polymers
Macromolecules made of a repetitive series of identical or similar subunits (monomers).
USUALLY WATER-BASED
Hydrolysis
Splitting a polymer by the addition of a water molecule.
Hydrophobic
Not soluble in water.
Monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, & fructose
Disaccharides
- Sucrose, which is made up of Glucose + Fructose
2. Lactose, which is made up of Glucose + Galactose
Protein
A polymer of amino acids
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Constitutes genes: instructs for synthesizing proteins.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Carries out functions related to gene expression. There are different types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
