Bio Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA is instructions of life
Describe the experiment the proved DNA.
To prove DNA the put a non-lethal bacteria into a rat, rat lived.
Non-Lethal: Non deadly
Lethal- deadly
lethal has a capsule
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine (in RNA) Uracil
What is the structure of DNA?
4 nitrogen bases
describe a nucleotide
a group made of a base, sugar and a phosphate
why is the sequence of nucleotides important?
is the code that controls the product room of all proteins for an organism.
what is relocation and why do cells undergo this process?
Is the process of making an exact copy of DNA. This happens so that they can repair damages strands.
Process of replication
Chemical bonds connecting bases break apart. the DNA separates. matching a. ew nucleotide match with proper bases. the process continues until the strand has been copied
What is a template
a pattern
what powers the process
nucleotides
what are proteins and what are they used for?
proteins are long chains of amino acids and they are the messengers for the cell.
what is an enzyme?
Biological catalogs - makes chemical reactions in organisms go faster.
where are proteins made?
ribosomes, outside the nucleus
what is RNA why is it needed?
RNA has a ribose as its sugar, single helix, and bases are A&U and G&C
COMPARE
DNA AND RNA
DNA
SUGAR: deoxyribose
HELIX: double helix
BASES: AT AND GC
RNA
RIBOSE
SINGLE HELIX
AU GC
list and describe types and functions of RNA.
messenger- MRNA carries sequence of bases to the ribosomes
transfer- TRNA picks up amino acids and carries them to the ribosomes
what is transcription
process of making MRNA from a DNA molecule
why do we need transcription
information is contained in dna can not be transferred into other cells.
steps of translation
ribosomes pink wig the mrna at the starting codon
slides down to the mrna to the next codon
reads the codon and finds the trna with the matching anti- codon
rrna bonds the mrna and trna and ribosomes together
ribosomes slide down to the next codon reads it and finds the trna with matching anti codon.
connects amino acids together into a long chain.
process repeats until it reaches the stop codon
what’s a codon and what do they do?
codons are a code with three letters in the they are separated into sections that make codes
what is the start codon and a stop codon.
start: AUG
stop: UAA UAG UGA
what is transcription
translation is mrna sequence i the amino ace sequence of a protein.
what is mutation?
the change in the genetic code/order of the bases are changed.
different mutations
substitutions
