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Bio 30 > Bio 30 > Flashcards

Bio 30 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the sympathetic system control

A

Fight or flight processes

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2
Q

What does the parasympathetic system control

A

Rest and digest processes

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3
Q

Define Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes of matching length, shape and code

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4
Q

Define Autosomal (in chromosomes)

A

Autosomal chromosomes are any chromosome other than sex chromosomes ( X or Y)

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5
Q

What are cones?

A

Cones are photoreceptors located in the retina that detect colour

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6
Q

What are rods

A

Rods are photoreceptors located on the retina which detect light depth.

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7
Q

The autosomal system controls what?

A

The involuntary parasympathetic and sympathetic responses

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8
Q

The central nervous system consists of what?

A

The brain and spinal chord

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9
Q

What are the peripheral nervous system’s functions and structures

A

The PNS consists of nerves throughout the body which control both motor and sensory functions

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10
Q

Is the somatic system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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11
Q

Is the autosomal system involuntary or voluntary?

A

Involuntary (automatic)

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12
Q

Which six hormones does the anterior pituitary gland release?

A

Growth hormone (HGH), Prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),leutinizing hormone (LH), and ACTH

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13
Q

What does HGH do?

A

Causes growth

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14
Q

What does prolactin do

A

Prolactin causes milk to be produced from mammary glands

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15
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Stimulates the thyroid (trophic)

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16
Q

What does LH do in women

A

Triggers ovulation and estrogen and progesterone secretion from the corpus Luteum

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17
Q

What does FSH do in women?

A

F- stimulates the follicle in ovaries to develop ova

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18
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones

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19
Q

What does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Oxytocin and Antiderietic (ADH)

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20
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Stimulate kidneys to absorb water

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21
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A

Causes uterine contractions

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22
Q

Which hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete

A

glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids (cortisol and aldosterone)

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23
Q

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla produce

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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24
Q

What hormones do the Male gonads produce

A

Testosterone and inhibin

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25
Q

What hormones do the Female gonads produce

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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26
Q

What does estrogen do

A

promotes 2ndary characteristics and uterine lining thickening and vasculation

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27
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Maintains the endometrium and quiets smooth muscle contractions of the uterus.

28
Q

What does epinephrine do

A

With the help of a little norepinephrine, it Increases breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure conversion of glycogen to glucose and decreases metabolism.

29
Q

What does cortisol do

A

Longer lasting epinephrine, mainly raises blood glucose. Breaks down muscle into amino acids which the liver uses as glucose and breaks down fat cells

30
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Stimulates kidneys to increase the blood- sodium levels and blood pressure

31
Q

What does the thyroid secrete

A

Thyroxine (T3 & 4)

32
Q

What does thyroxine and calcitonin do

A

helps metabolic processes and Lowers blood-calcium levels

33
Q

What does PTH (parathyroid) do

A

Raised blood calcium levels

34
Q

How is the hypothalamus part of the endocrine system?

A

It makes hormones which the pituitary then stores and secretes

35
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

Insulin and glucagon

36
Q

Insulin vs glucagon

A

Insulin causes take in if sugars from the blood and glucagon raises blood sugars

37
Q

What does the cerebrum do

A

Involved in muscle movements (voluntary and involuntary

38
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Produces hormones, neurons control emotions and basic drives

39
Q

What does the occipital lobe control

A

Receives and analyzes visual information and recognition

40
Q

What do the frontal lobes do

A

Control reasoning, critical thinking, memory and personality

41
Q

What do the temporal lobes do

A

Auditory reception such as understanding of speech as well as visual and verbal memory retrieval

42
Q

What does the Cerebral cortex do?

A

Thinking and feeling (conscious thought)

43
Q

Name the stop codons

A

UAA UGA UAG

44
Q

What does LH do in men?

A

Stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

45
Q

What does FSH do in men?

A

Tells sertoli to stimulate spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules

46
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Stimulates primary and secondary characteristics, and indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis

47
Q

What does Gonadotrophin do? (GnRH)

A

Monitors the reproductive system and stimulates FSH and LH secretion.

48
Q

Serine

A

AGU AGC
UC
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG

49
Q

Arginine

A

CGU CGC CGA CGG
AGA AGG

50
Q

Tryptophan

A

UGG

51
Q

Glycine

A

GG
GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG

52
Q

Cysteine

A

UGU UGC

53
Q

Alanine

A

GC
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG

54
Q

Threonine

A

AC
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG

55
Q

Proline

A

CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG

56
Q

Methionine

A

AUG

57
Q

Valine

A

GU
GUU
GUA
GUG

58
Q

Leucine

A

UUA
UUG
CU
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG

59
Q

Phenalanine

A

UUU
UUC

60
Q

Isoleucine

A

AUU
AUC
AUA

61
Q

Glutamic acid

A

GAA
GAG

62
Q

Aspartic acid

A

GUA
GUC

63
Q

Lysine

A

AAG
AAA

64
Q

Asparagine

A

AAU
AAC

65
Q

Glutamine

A

CAA
CAG

66
Q

Histidine

A

CAU
CAC

67
Q

Tyrosine

A

AUU
AUC

Bio 30 (1 decks)

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