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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

Did work prior to Crick and Watson on DNA

Contributed to Crick and Watson’s discovery

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1
Q

Chargaff’s Rules

A

Concentrations of the four nucleotide bases differ among different species
Concentrations of adenine and thymine are always about the same, and cytosine and guanine are always about the same

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2
Q

DNA bases

A 
Nitrogen-containing bases
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
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3
Q

Double helix

A

Double strand of nucleotides that forms a spiral staircase shape

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4
Q

RNA bases

A 
Nitrogen-containing bases
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
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5
Q

Base pairing

A 
DNA:
  A > T
  C > G
RNA:
  A > U
  C > G
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6
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Type of bonds that occur between complementary bases and holds the nucleotides together

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7
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar in DNA nucleotides

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8
Q

Ribose

A

Sugar in RNA nucleotides

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9
Q

DNA Replication

A

Process in which DNA is copied
Enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds of nucleotides
Another enzyme pairs new complementary nucleotides with parent
Two daughter molecules form, each with one new strand

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10
Q

mRNA (Messenger)

A

Copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm

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11
Q

rRNA (ribosomal)

A

Helps form ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.

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12
Q

tRNA (transfer)

A

Brings amino acids to ribosomes where they are joined together to form proteins
Made of anti codons, so it can carry the correct amino acids the ribosome

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13
Q

Central dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA - RNA - Protein

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14
Q

Transcription

A 
DNA > RNA
DNA transfers info to mRNA by making an mRNA strand complementary to DNA
  Initiation
  Elongation
  Termination
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15
Q

Transcription - Initiation

A

Enzyme RNA polymerase binds to region of gene called the promoter
Unwinds DNA so enzyme can read it and make mRNA with complementary bases

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16
Q

Transcription - Elongation

A

Addition of nucleotides to strand of mRNA

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17
Q

Transcription - Termination

A

mRNA strand detaches from the DNA.

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18
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Enzyme that binds to promoter in DNA so it can make a new mRNA strand

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19
Q

Promoter

A

Region of gene where the RNA polymerase binds to do initiation

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20
Q

Codon

A

Group of three nitrogen bases in nucleic acids that make up a code for a start, an amino acid, or a stop

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21
Q

Stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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22
Q

Start codons

A

AUG

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23
Q

Genetic code

A

Encodes instructions for amino acid sequence
Universal- all organisms have same code
Unambiguous- each codon is for just one amino acid
Redundant- most amino acids are coded for by multiple codons

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24
Q

Translation

A

RNA > protein
mRNA goes to ribosome
Ribosome reads sequence
tRNA brings correct amino acids

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25
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chain of amino acids formed in translation

Makes up protein

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26
Q

Amino acid chain

A

Makes up polypeptides, and therefore proteins

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27
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

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28
Q

Protein

A

Determine structure and function of cells in your body

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29
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Process in which cells make proteins

Transcription and translation

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30
Q

Miller-Urey experiment

A

Got mixture of gases, passed sparks through it to represent lighting, simple organic molecules formed
Represents how life could have first started

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31
Q

How did meteors impact the earths formation

A

May have added water into the atmosphere

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32
Q

Relative dating

A

Age in relation to other fossils

Older than this fossil, up younger than that one

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33
Q

Absolute dating

A

About how long ago an organism lived

Gives a date

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34
Q

Early conditions on earth

A

Very hot, no atmosphere or water, toxic air

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35
Q

1st cells

A

Probably formed lipid membrane around organic molecules
3.5 billion years ago
Prokaryotic
Heterotrophs

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36
Q

1st eukaryotic cells

A

2 billion years ago
Large cells engulfed small cells, which turned into organelles
Endosymbiosis

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37
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Use chemical energy to make food

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38
Q

First organic compounds

A

Cells lived in colonies > specialized cells started forming together into multicellular organisms

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39
Q

Taxonomy

A

Science of classifying organisms

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40
Q

Taxonomic Catagories

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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41
Q

Linnaeus

A

Father of taxonomy
Classified all known living things
Started Linnaean Classification system
Started binomial nomenclature

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42
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Method of naming species

Genus species

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43
Q

Domain

A

New taxon added to classification system

Larger and more inclusive than kingdom

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44
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary history of a group of related organisms

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45
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

Diagram that shows how species are related through evolution

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46
Q

Cladogram

A

Represents Clades- groups of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants

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47
Q

Scientific name

A

Binomial nomenclature

ex. Homo sapien

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48
Q

Common name

A

Common name that people use for an organism

ex. Human

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49
Q

Evidence used to classify organisms

A

Obvious physical traits

Biochemistry of organisms

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50
Q

Fossils

A

Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

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51
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

Organisms change over time-evolution happens

Evolution occurs by natural selection

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52
Q

Evolution

A

Change in the characteristics of living things over time, the change in species over time

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53
Q

Artificial selection

A

Progress in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because people select which individuals are allowed to reproduce and pass on their genes to successive generations

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54
Q

Fitness

A

Relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring

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55
Q

Homologous structures

A

Structures that are similar in organisms because they were inherited from the same organism

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56
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures that are similar in unrelated organisms

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57
Q

Comparative embryology

A

The study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species

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58
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Structures that evolution has reduced in size because it is no longer needed

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59
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of how and why plants and animals live where they do

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60
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches

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61
Q

Population genetics

A

Science focusing on evolution within populations

Overlap between evolutionary theory and Mendelian genetics

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62
Q

Gene pool

A

Consists of all the genes of all the members of the population

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63
Q

Allele frequency

A

How often an allele occurs in a gene pool relative to the other alleles for that gene

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64
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

A 
Conditions for equilibrium/no evolution:
  No new mutations occur
  No migration
  Very large population
  Mating is at random in the population
  No natural selection
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65
Q

Mutation

A

Creates new genetic variation

Change in gamete that affects offspring

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66
Q

Gene flow

A

Change in allele frequencies that occurs when move into or out of a population

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67
Q

Genetic drift

A

Random change in allele frequencies in small populations

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68
Q

Natural selection

A

Evolutionary process in which some living things produce more offspring than others so the characteristics of organisms change over time

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69
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Occurs when both extremes are selected against
ex. Tall and short are bad so it has more average
Graph- tall in middle, not at sides

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70
Q

Directional selection

A

One of the extremes is selected for but not the other
ex. Long giraffe necks are better than short
Graph-tall at one side, short at other

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71
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Occurs when both extremes are selected for, but not the middle
Ex. White or black but not gray
Graph-up on both sides, down in the middle

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72
Q

Causes of variation in Species

A

Mutation
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural selection

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73
Q

Geographical isolation

A

Allopatric speciation

Cannot reproduce because are separated geographically from eachother, so they evolve differently

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74
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Sympatric speciation
Different evolution without being geographically separated because they can’t reproduce together, so they evolve differently

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75
Q

Speciation

A

Process by which a new species evolves

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76
Q

Species

A

Group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring together in nature

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77
Q

Migration

A

Regular movement of individuals or populations

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78
Q

Immigration

A

Individuals moving into a population

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79
Q

Emmigration

A

Individuals moving out of a population

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80
Q

Law of superposition

A

Bottom layer of rocks is oldest, top layer of rocks is newest

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81
Q

Adaptation

A

Characteristic that helps living things survive and reproduce in a given environment

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82
Q

Four types of modern plants

A

Nonvascular
Seedless Vascular
Seeded Vascular (Non Flowering)
Flowering Vascular

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83
Q

Non vascular plants

A

Don’t have vascular tissues
Liverworts
Hornworts
Moss

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84
Q

Characteristics of Nonvascular plants

A

Small
Lack vascular tissues, leaves, seeds, and flowers
Have hairlike rhizoids instead of roots
Live in moist habitats

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85
Q

Example of Vascular seedless plant

A

Ferns

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86
Q

Example of flowerless seeded vascular plants

A

Pine tree

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87
Q

Example of flowering plant

A

Avacados

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88
Q

Rhizoids

A

Replacement for roots in Nonvascular plants that anchor them and absorb moisture

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89
Q

Liverworts

A 
Nonvascular plant
Tiny plants
Have leaflike tissues
Fine rhizoids
Lack stems
Grow in colonies
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90
Q

Hornworts

A

Nonvascular plant
Tiny plants
Very fine rhizoids
Skinny, tall, grasslike things

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91
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular plants

“Tube plants”

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92
Q

Xylem

A

Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to stem and leaves
Consists of dead cells
Stiff and waterproof
Runs through ground tissue

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93
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular tissue that transports food/sugar dissolved in water from photosynthetic cells to other parts of the plant for growth or storage
Consists of living cells
Runs through ground tissue

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94
Q

Evolutionary characteristics of vascular plants

A

Evolved true roots made of vascular tissues
Evolved stems made of vascular tissues and lignin
Evolved leaves to collect sunlight

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95
Q

Spermatophytes

A

Seeded plants

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96
Q

Bryophytes

A

Nonvascular plants

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97
Q

Parts of a seed

A

Embryo - inside seed, forms first leaf, root, stem
Seed coat - protects embryo and keeps it from drying out
Endosperm - stored food

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98
Q

Gymnosperm

A

Non flowering

Seeds in cones

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99
Q

Angiosperm

A

Flowering plants

Seeds in ovaries of flowers

100
Q

Evolution of seed plants

A

Evolved about 300 million years ago
Earth became drier, adapted
Woody trunks, need like leaves

101
Q

Nectar

A

Sweet sugary liquid produced by the flowers of many angiosperms to attract animal pollinators

102
Q

Male flower parts

A

Stamen
Filament
Anther

103
Q

Female flower parts

A

Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary

104
Q

Petals

A

Outer parts of a flower that are usually brightly colored to attract animal pollinators

105
Q

Sepals

A

Part of a flower that helps protect it while it is still in a bud

106
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive part of flower

Made up of a stalk like filament that ends in anther

107
Q

Filament

A

Raises the anther up high to catch pollen in the wind or be picked up by pollinator

108
Q

Anther

A

Sacks on top of filament that contains the pollen

109
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive part of flower

Consists of stigma, style and ovary

110
Q

Stigma

A

Raised sticky part of pistil that catches pollen

111
Q

Style

A

Supports the stigma and connects it to the ovary

112
Q

Ovary- flower

A

Contains the egg

113
Q

Pollinators

A

Animals that collect pollen from a flower and spread it to other flowers

114
Q

Characteristics of flowering plants

A

Flowers have bright colors, scents, and nectar to attract pollinators
Have more efficient vascular tissues
Ovaries may ripen into fruits

115
Q

Three types of plant cell structures

A

Large central vacuole
Cell wall
Plastids

116
Q

Central vacuole

A

Surrounded by its own membrane
Contains water and dissolved substances
Maintains pressure against cell wall to provide support and shape

117
Q

Cell wall

A

Outside the cell membrane
Shapes, supports, and protects the cell
Prevents from absorbing too much water
Keeps out dangerous molecules

118
Q

Plastids

A

Membrane bound organelles with their own DNA

Chloroplasts and Chromoplasts

119
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contain green pigment chlorophyll

Carry out photosynthesis

120
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Make and store pigments other than chlorophyll

Give flowers bright colors

121
Q

Ground tissue

A 
Makes up much of the interior of a plant
Carries out basic metabolic functions
Provides support
May store food or water
Just below the epidermis
122
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Covers the outside of the plant
Single layer of cells
Mediates most interactions between plant and environment
Secretes a cuticle

123
Q

Epidermis

A

Single layer of dermal tissue that covers the outside of a plant

124
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy substance secreted by the epidermis

Coats, water proofs, protects plant

125
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Runs through the ground tissue
Consists of xylem and phloem
Transports fluids

126
Q

Cell growth

A

Go through cell growth and cell division
Go through cellular differentiation- become specialized for jobs
Cannot divide after differentiation
Meristem keeps it growing

127
Q

Meristem

A

Type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to differentiate and divide and from which plants grow in length and width

128
Q

Primary growth

A

Meristem at the tips of the roots and stems that grows the plant in length

129
Q

Secondary growth

A

Meristem within and around vascular tissues that grows plant in width

130
Q

Root systems

A

All the roots of a plant

Includes primary and secondary roots

131
Q

Primary roots

A

Grow downward

132
Q

Secondary roots

A

Branch out to the side

133
Q

Taproot system

A

Single, thick primary root called the taproot
Smaller secondary roots branch out to the sides
Deep water sources
Store a lot of food
Anchors plant well

134
Q

Fibrous root system

A

Many small branching roots called fibrous roots
No large primary root
Increases surface area for absorbing water and minerals
Doesn’t anchor well

135
Q

Root structures

A 
Root cap
Waxy layer
Xylem
Phloem
Ground tissue
Epidermis
Root hair
Primary meristem
136
Q

Root cap

A

Tip of a root

Consists of specialized cells that regulate primary growth

137
Q

Waxy layer- roots

A

Coat and waterproof the vascular tissues so they don’t leak

138
Q

Primary Meristem

A

Where growth in length occurs

139
Q

Root hairs

A

Tiny hairlike structures that extend from epidermal cells of plant roots and increase the surface area for absorption

140
Q

Root functions

A

Absorbing water and minerals
Anchoring and supporting the plant
Storing food

141
Q

Root growth

A

Specialized cells in root cap detect gravity so it grows downward
Primary and secondary meristem grow length and width

142
Q

Stems

A

Organs that hold plants upright so they can get sunlight and air
Bear leaves, flowers, cones, and secondary stems
Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
Carries food from leaves to rest of plant

143
Q

Node

A

Where leaves, flowers, and secondary stems grow from

144
Q

Axil

A

Angle between upper part of stem and petiole that branches off

145
Q

Petiole

A

Attaches the lead to a part of the stem at the node

146
Q

Blade

A

Part of the leaf that is wide, flat part that gather sunlight

147
Q

Stem tissues

A

Epidermis
Bark
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue

148
Q

Epidermis- stem

A

Protects and water proofs the stem and controls gas exchange

149
Q

Bark

A

Tissues that provide a rough, woody external covering on the stems of trees

150
Q

Ground tissue- stem

A

Interior part of stem

Fill with water to provide support

151
Q

Vascular tissue- stem

A

Run through ground tissue in bundles

Transport fluids

152
Q

Secondary stems

A

Stems that grow out from the primary stems

153
Q

Stem growth

A

Primary meristem at tips and nodes of stems

Secondary meristem in and around vascular tissues

154
Q

Thick stems

A

Store water

155
Q

Vines

A

Clinging and climbing

Don’t need thick stems for support

156
Q

Woody trunks

A

Strength and support

Height

157
Q

Rhizomes

A

Vegetative asexual reproduction

158
Q

Thorns

A

Protection from herbivores

159
Q

Leaves

A

Collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis

160
Q

Leaf variation

A

Vary in size, shape, arrangement on stems
Non flowering have microphylls, fronds, and needles
Flowering have a blades and a petiole

161
Q

Microphylls

A

Tiny leaves of club mosses

First leaves to evolve

162
Q

Fronds

A

Finely divided leaves of ferns

163
Q

Needles

A

Thin, pointed leaves of conifers
Thick cuticle to reduce water loss
Lots of chlorophyll for maximum absorption of sunlight

164
Q

Flowering plant leaf variations

A 
Whorls
Basal rosettes
Alternate/opposing
Simple
Compound
165
Q

Whorled leaves

A

Encircle upright stems at intervals

Collect sunlight from all directions

166
Q

Basal rosette leaves

A

Take advantage of warm temperatures near the ground

167
Q

Alternate and opposing paired leaves

A

Collect light from above

Found on plants with single, upright stem

168
Q

Simple leaves

A

Not divided

Provides maximum surface for collecting sunlight

169
Q

Compound leaves

A 
Divided into many smaller leaflets
Reduces wind resistance and water loss
  Pinnately compound
  Palmately compound
  Doubly compound
170
Q

Leaf structures

A 
Epidermis
Xylem
Phloem
Mesophyll
Guard cells
Stoma
171
Q

Epidermis- leaf

A

Single layer of tightly packed dermal cells

Prevent evaporation of water form the leaf

172
Q

Guard Cells- leaf

A

Swell or shrink by taking in water through osmosis

Open and close stomata

173
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores in epidermis that control transpiration and gas exchange in the air

174
Q

Mesophyll

A

Makes up most of the leafs interior
Where photosynthesis occurs
Consists mainly of parenchymal cells which chloroplasts

175
Q

Stomata Structure

A

Flanked by guard cells

Guard cells have nucleus and chloroplasts

176
Q

Deciduous plants

A

Plan spots that shed their leaves seasonally to prevent water loss and grows them back again later in the year

177
Q

Evergreen

A

Plant that does not lose its leaves seasonally and stays green year round

178
Q

Animals

A

Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes with cells that lack cell walls
Member of the animal kingdom

179
Q

Characteristics of Animals

A

Detect environmental stimuli- sensory nerve cells
Can move during some point of life- muscles and nerves
Internal digestion of food- special tissues and organs

180
Q

Major phyla of the animal kingdom

A 
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
181
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals without a vertebral column/backbone

182
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals with a vertebral column/backbone

183
Q

Vertebral column

A

Backbone

Bony support structure that runs down the back of a vertebrate animal

184
Q

Ancestors of earliest animals

A

Protists

185
Q

Choanoflagellate and Choanocyte relationship

A

The Choanoflagellate protist cell and Choanocyte sponge cell look a lot alike
Leads to the theory that animals developed from Protista

186
Q

Adaptions that led to vertebrates

A 
Tissues, organs, and organ systems
Symmetrical body
Brain and sensory organs
Fluid filled body cavity
Complete digestive system
Body divided into segments
187
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Non bony skeleton that forms on the outside of the body of some invertebrates and provides protection and support

188
Q

Chordates

A

All animals that have a notochord, hollow nerve cord, tail, and gill slits at some point in their life

189
Q

Notochord

A

Stiff support rod that runs from one end of the body to the other in animals called chordates

190
Q

Evolution of vertebrates

A

Evolved from chordates
550 mya
Evolved back bone and a cranium to protect the skull
Went on land 365 mya

191
Q

Tetrapods

A

Vertebrates with four legs

192
Q

Terrestrial

A

Animal that lives on land

193
Q

Sensory organs

A

Organs that can sense environmental stimuli such as light, sound, and touch
May direct the body to respond

194
Q

Evolution of amniotes

A

Amphibians moved to land but had to lay eggs in water

Developed an amniote egg that did not have to be laid in water

195
Q

Amniote

A

Animals that produce eggs with internal membranes that allow gasses but not water to pass through so the embryo can breathe without drying out

196
Q

Characteristics of invertabrates

A 
Lack a backbone
Don't have any bones
Incomplete or complete digestion
Move
Nervous system
Most reproduce sexually-may go through larval stages
197
Q

Mouth

A

One of two openings in a digestive tract that is used to take in food

198
Q

Anus

A

One of two openings in a digestive tract that is used to excrete wastes

199
Q

Sense organ

A

Part of a jellyfish’s nervous system that allows it to sense and respond to its environment

200
Q

Stomach

A

Organ of the digestive system

201
Q

Incomplete digestive system

A

Digestive system that consists of a digestive cavity and a single opening that is both mouth and anus

202
Q

Complete digestive system

A

Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body openings, a mouth and an anus

203
Q

How do invertebrates move

A

Carried along by water currents
Contract muscles and move independently
Specialized appendages such as legs or wings

204
Q

Tentacle

A

Appendage on some invertebrates such as the jellyfish, which can be used to sting or for other things

205
Q

Nerve net

A

A network of nerves on an invertebrates that can sense touch

206
Q

Invertebrate nervous system

A

Most have one
Allows them to sense and respond to their environment
Some simple like a nerve net
Others more complicate like brains

207
Q

Cephalization

A

Concentration of nerve tissue in one end of an animal, forming a head region

208
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Symmetry in which there are distinct head and tail ends, so the body can be divided into left and right halves

209
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Symmetry in which there is a distinct tip and bottom but not distinct head and tail ends, so the body can be divided in halves like a pie

210
Q

Larva

A

Juvenile, or immature, stage of an animal, where it differs in form and function from the adult form of the animal

211
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner embryonic cell layer in animals

212
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer embryonic cell layer in animals

213
Q

Mesoderm

A

Embryonic cell layer in many animals that is between the endoderm and ectoderm

214
Q

Segmentation

A

Division of an animal body into multiple segments

215
Q

Porifera

A

Invertebrate phylum of sponges
Non bony endoskeleton
Sessile as adults

216
Q

Sessile

A

Animal that cannot move

217
Q

Motile

A

Animal that can move

218
Q

Structure and function of sponges

A 
Tubes, fans, cones, blobs
Live in colonies
Adults are sessile
Endoskeleton
Rootlike projections anchor them to ground
219
Q

Collar cells

A

Cells that filter out edible minerals from water in filter feeders
Have tiny hairs that trap particles

220
Q

Spicules

A

Short sharp rods that grow in specialized cells on sponges and make up its endoskeleton

221
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Internal skeleton that provides protection and support

222
Q

Filter feeders

A

Animal that obtains organic matter for nutrition by filtering particles out of the water

223
Q

How sponges feed

A

They are filter feeders

224
Q

Sponge reproduction

A

Sponge produces eggs and sperm

Adult-free swimming larva-young sponge-adult

225
Q

Cnidaria

A

Invertebrate phylum
Characterized by radial symmetry, tissues, nematocyst
Ex. Jellyfish and corals

226
Q

Nematocyst

A

Long, thin, coiled stinger used to attack prey or defend against predators

227
Q

Medusa

A

Body plan in cnidarians

Bell shaped and typically motile

228
Q

Polyp

A

Body plan in cnidarians

Tubular in shape and typically sessile

229
Q

Cnidarians life cycle

A

Both medusa and polyp may reproduce sexually or asexually

May transfer between polyp and medusa forms

230
Q

Ecology of cnidarians

A 
Found in almost all ocean habitats
Shallow or deep
Warm or cold
A few in freshwater
Alone or in colonies
231
Q

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction in cnidarians

A

Asexual leads to same form (medusa or polyp)

Sexual leads to opposite form

232
Q

Parts of a nucleotide

A

Sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate group
Nitrogen containing base (A, T, C, or G)

233
Q

Systematics

A

Study of the diversification of living things and the relationships animals have through time

234
Q

Purines

A

Bases A and G

Have one ring

235
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Bases C, T, and U

236
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Enzyme that unzips DNA so it can be read

237
Q

Microspheres

A

Early life form

238
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Early life form

239
Q

Coacervates

A

Early life forms

240
Q

Origin of heredity

A

Where everyone gets their genes from- common ancestor

Early life form

241
Q

Aristotle

A

Early scientist

242
Q

Language for classification

A

Latin

243
Q

Origin of species

A

Speciation- where species come from

244
Q

Plant cell structure

A 
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Rough ER
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Cell Wall
245
Q

Flower

A

Structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators

246
Q

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

A 
Both
  DNA
Eukaryotic
  Nucleus
  More membrane bound structures
247
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Given credit for discovering double helix shape of DNA.

247
Q

Characteristics of vascular plants

A

Have vascular tissues that transport water and minerals
Vascular tissues form tubes
Xylem
Phloem

Biology Final 2 (1 decks)

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