bio 231 autonomic system Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the peripheral nervous system located?

A

everything else

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2
Q

where is the central nervous system located?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary control movements (swiping right on dating app)

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4
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

operates under involuntary movements (sweating, heart beating)

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5
Q

Somatic neurons

A

sensory neurons convey info (somatic senses: touch pain, temp)
motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles

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6
Q

Autonomic neurons

A

motor neurons regulate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands (pupil dilation increasing HR, etc.)

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7
Q

somatic is voluntary

A

true

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8
Q

autonimic is involuntary

A

true

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9
Q

what type of tissue does somatic innervate?

A

skeletal muscle

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10
Q

what type of tissue does autonomic innervate?

A

cardiac and smooth

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11
Q

what are the Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Sympathetic Nervous System
  2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
  3. Enteric Nervous System
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12
Q

Which body functions does sympathetic favor and which body functions does it reduce?

A
  • pupils expand (dilate), fast breaths, heart rate increases, gut inactive;
  • favors body functions that support vigorous physical activity and rapid production of ATP;
  • favors hard physical activity and reduces calmness
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13
Q

Which body functions does parasympathetic favor and which body functions does it reduce?

A

pupils shrink (constrict), slow breaths, heart beats decrease, gut active; favors relaxed and calm movements and reduces stress and physical activity

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14
Q

Stimulants for Sympathetic innervation

A
  1. Physical Stress (exercise)
  2. Emotional Stress (fear, embarrassment, anger)
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15
Q

Dual innervation

A

most organs receive nerves from both divisions of ANS (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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16
Q

Autonomic tone

A

balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and is regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain

17
Q

Dual innervation exceptions

A

Sweat glands
Spleen
Most blood vessels
Kidneys

18
Q

How many motor neurons are in somatic pathway? What are they called? Where do they extend from/to?

A

millions that innervate skeletal muscle

19
Q

How many motor neurons are in autonomic pathway? What are they called? Where do they extend from/to?

A

2, preganglionic neuron (extends to autonomic ganglion), postganglionic neuron (extending from autonomic ganglion to the effector (gland, cardiac muscle, bladder))

20
Q

where is Autonomic ganglion (location of ganglion within both divisions of ANS)

A

located in the middle

21
Q

Where does sympathetic originate within the Central Nervous System?

A

thorocumbular T1-L2

22
Q

Where does parasympathetic originate within the Central Nervous System?

A

cranial nerves (3, 7, 9, 10, and S2-S4)

23
Q

what outflows are associated with sympathetic?

A

thoracolumbar flow (T1-L3)

24
Q

what outflows are associated with parasympathetic?

A

craniosacral flow (S2-S4)

25
Q

what is the length of preganglionic and postganglionic axons in sympathetic? Long/short?

A

pre- short
post-long

26
Q

what is the length of preganglionic and postganglionic axons in parasympathetic? Long/short?

A

pre-long
post-short

27
Q

what is Autonomic plexus?

A

tangled networks sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

28
Q

Which types of neurons are classified as cholinergic?

A

Cholinergic: all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating sweat glands

29
Q

Which types of neurons are classified as Adrenergic?

A

most sympathetic postganglionic neurons

30
Q

Functions such as HR are controlled by autonomic reflexes that occur when nerve impulses pass through an autonomic reflex arc?

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integrating center (hypothalamus)
  4. Motor neurons (preganglionic and post ganglionic)
  5. Effector (glands, cardiac, and smooth muscles)