bio 205 exam 1

Question 1

a bacterial arrangement in chains is called?

Answer 1

streptococcus

Question 2

if you traveled from the cytoplasm to the external environment of a gram negative cell the order would be:

Answer 2

1. cytoplasmic membrane
2. periplasmic space
3. phospholipid bilayer of the outer membrane
4. polysaccharide
5. capsule

Question 3

the flagellum in bacteria functions in?

Answer 3

locomotion and chemotaxis

Question 4

bacterial endospores function in?

Answer 4

survival

Question 5

borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease is what class?

Answer 5

spirochete

Question 6

what diagnostic utilizes a probe?

Answer 6

southern bolt

Question 7

what is the identification of an organism that has flagella at both ends of the cell surface? (ex: Proteus spp.)

Answer 7

amphitrichous flagellation

Question 8

fimbriae in bacteria allow what?

Answer 8

adherence to surfaces

Question 9

lipopolysaccharide is typically found in?

Answer 9

the outter membranes of gram negative bacteria

Question 10

the resolving power of the light microscope is?

Answer 10

0.2 um

Question 11

who proved that microbes could cause disease?

Answer 11

Koch

Question 12

one micron (1um) is equivalent to how many meters?

Answer 12

1x10^-6

Question 13

the concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material called?

Answer 13

spontaneous generation

Question 14

what is NOT found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

mitochondira

Question 15

they can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome, they may carry genes for drug resistant, and are required for host growth are traits of?

Answer 15

bacterial plasmids

Question 16

the flagellum in bacteria is attached to the cell body by what?

Answer 16

pilus

Question 17

A dendritic cell is an antigen presenting cell that developed from?

Answer 17

a monocyte

Question 18

During an inflammatory response which of the following items describes a scenario by which there is fluid accumulation in the affected tissue?

Answer 18

edema

Question 19

Virulence factors may include?

Answer 19

toxins
capsules
adhesion molecules
enzymes that degrade host cell membranes

Question 20

Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is defined by which characteristics?

Answer 20

the production of specific t-cell clones

Question 21

can a primary pathogen cause disease in a normal healthy host?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what bio technique is used to amplify a single piece of genomic DNA from a sample?

Answer 22

polymerase chain reaction

Question 23

is a southern blot designed to identify short DNA sequences that may be present in a diagnostic samples using restriction endonuclease probe?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

is phage therapy potentially safe? and why?

Answer 24

its a way to cure patients of a bacterial pathogen due to specificity of phage virus and bacterial host interaction

Question 25

a specific restriction endonuclease can cleave a piece of DNA from either genomic extract or a plasmid at a site that has what?

Answer 25

a specified palindromic oligonucleotide sequence

Question 26

explain ex vivo for gene therapy in humans?

Answer 26

a normal gene is cloned into a virus vector, added to a culture of bone marrow cells, the transfected cells are reinfused and monitored for normal gene expression

Question 27

who developed the domain system where organisms were classified into only two kingdoms which is predominant today?

Answer 27

carl woese

Question 28

what type of microscopy is specifically modified with an UV radiation and a filter?

Answer 28

fluorescent

Question 29

organisms that has multiple flagella on one end?

Answer 29

lophotrichous

Question 30

who disproved spontaneous generation by showing that maggots only appear on decaying meat that has been exposed to flies?

Answer 30

redi

Question 31

what is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 31

membrane bound organelles, and nuclear membrane

Question 32

what important role do histones play in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 32

they stabilize the structure of DNA in chromosomes

Question 33

what is unique about rickettsia?

Answer 33

they are obligate intracellular parasites

Question 34

what can be expected to be stored inside a bacterial inclusion vesicle?

Answer 34

nutrients

Question 35

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that?

Answer 35

a microbe causes a specific disease

Question 36

how are ribosomal subunits usually designated?

Answer 36

based on their sedimentation rate (affected by size and shape)

Question 37

the most common infectious disease world wide falls into what category?

Answer 37

respiratory diseases

Question 38

who developed the first rabies vaccine

Answer 38

Pasteur

Question 39

the five I's of microbiology are?

Answer 39

Inoculation; Incubation; Isolation; Inspection; Identification

Question 40

agar is added to culture media to convert it from a semi solid for to what?

Answer 40

solid form

Question 41

do mycoplasms have a L-form?

Answer 41

no- (l forms are bacteria that have lost their cell wall)

Question 42

the cytoplasmic membrane in a prokaryote is?

Answer 42

selective barrier which regulates the passage of materials to from the cell- Composed of phospholipid and protein membranes form thin, flexible, self-sealing, highly selective barriers between the inside of the cell and the outside world.

Question 43

chemotaxis is when?

Answer 43

cells with flagella use runs and tumbles to move toward an attractant

Question 44

what is a spheroplast?

Answer 44

a gram negative bacteria that has partial loss of its cell wall

Question 45

are all rickettsias obligate intracellular bacteria?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

complex nutrient media is an undefined medium because?

Answer 46

because the amino acid source contains a variety of compounds with the exact composition being unknown.

Question 47

``` which word is best associated with prokaryotes or eukaryotes? peptidoglycan Golgi bodies plasma membrane with sterols microtubules lipoplysaccharides ```

Answer 47

``` P E E E P ```

Question 48

what theory is Louis Pasteur responsible for?

Answer 48

disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, and first rabies vaccine

Question 49

What theory is Robert Koch responsible for?

Answer 49

germ theory of disease

Question 50

what theory is anton von leeuwenhoek responsible for?

Answer 50

invention of first microscope

Question 51

what theory is joseph lister most responsible for?

Answer 51

aseptic surgical technique

Question 52

what is the most distinctive difference between gram + and gram -

Answer 52

the gram - cell wall has no outer membrane

Question 53

the pilus in bacteria functions in which ways?

Answer 53

to transfer genetic material from one bacteria to another, the transfer of plasmids that may allow for antibiotic resistance, chemotaxis

Question 54

what cell structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 54

ribosomes, DNA

Question 55

features unique to eukaryotes

Answer 55

membrane bound nucleus, microtubules in their flagella, have more than one chromosome, 80s ribosomal structure

Question 56

where do metabolic reactions take place in eukaryotes?

Answer 56

cytoplasm

Question 57

what are Koch's postulates?

Answer 57

microorganism must be found in abundance in all org. suffering from disease microorg must be isolated from a diseased org and grow in pure culture cultured microorg should cause the same disease when introduced to healthy org microorg must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and be identical to original specific causative agent