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bio 205 exam 1 > bio 205 exam 1 > Flashcards

bio 205 exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a bacterial arrangement in chains is called?

A

streptococcus

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2
Q

if you traveled from the cytoplasm to the external environment of a gram negative cell the order would be:

A
  1. cytoplasmic membrane
  2. periplasmic space
  3. phospholipid bilayer of the outer membrane
  4. polysaccharide
  5. capsule
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3
Q

the flagellum in bacteria functions in?

A

locomotion and chemotaxis

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4
Q

bacterial endospores function in?

A

survival

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5
Q

borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease is what class?

A

spirochete

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6
Q

what diagnostic utilizes a probe?

A

southern bolt

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7
Q

what is the identification of an organism that has flagella at both ends of the cell surface? (ex: Proteus spp.)

A

amphitrichous flagellation

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8
Q

fimbriae in bacteria allow what?

A

adherence to surfaces

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9
Q

lipopolysaccharide is typically found in?

A

the outter membranes of gram negative bacteria

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10
Q

the resolving power of the light microscope is?

A

0.2 um

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11
Q

who proved that microbes could cause disease?

A

Koch

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12
Q

one micron (1um) is equivalent to how many meters?

A

1x10^-6

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13
Q

the concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material called?

A

spontaneous generation

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14
Q

what is NOT found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

mitochondira

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15
Q

they can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome, they may carry genes for drug resistant, and are required for host growth are traits of?

A

bacterial plasmids

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16
Q

the flagellum in bacteria is attached to the cell body by what?

A

pilus

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17
Q

A dendritic cell is an antigen presenting cell that developed from?

A

a monocyte

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18
Q

During an inflammatory response which of the following items describes a scenario by which there is fluid accumulation in the affected tissue?

A

edema

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19
Q

Virulence factors may include?

A

toxins
capsules
adhesion molecules
enzymes that degrade host cell membranes

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20
Q

Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is defined by which characteristics?

A

the production of specific t-cell clones

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21
Q

can a primary pathogen cause disease in a normal healthy host?

A

true

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22
Q

what bio technique is used to amplify a single piece of genomic DNA from a sample?

A

polymerase chain reaction

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23
Q

is a southern blot designed to identify short DNA sequences that may be present in a diagnostic samples using restriction endonuclease probe?

A

yes

24
Q

is phage therapy potentially safe? and why?

A

its a way to cure patients of a bacterial pathogen due to specificity of phage virus and bacterial host interaction

25
Q

a specific restriction endonuclease can cleave a piece of DNA from either genomic extract or a plasmid at a site that has what?

A

a specified palindromic oligonucleotide sequence

26
Q

explain ex vivo for gene therapy in humans?

A

a normal gene is cloned into a virus vector, added to a culture of bone marrow cells, the transfected cells are reinfused and monitored for normal gene expression

27
Q

who developed the domain system where organisms were classified into only two kingdoms which is predominant today?

A

carl woese

28
Q

what type of microscopy is specifically modified with an UV radiation and a filter?

A

fluorescent

29
Q

organisms that has multiple flagella on one end?

A

lophotrichous

30
Q

who disproved spontaneous generation by showing that maggots only appear on decaying meat that has been exposed to flies?

A

redi

31
Q

what is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

A

membrane bound organelles, and nuclear membrane

32
Q

what important role do histones play in eukaryotic cells?

A

they stabilize the structure of DNA in chromosomes

33
Q

what is unique about rickettsia?

A

they are obligate intracellular parasites

34
Q

what can be expected to be stored inside a bacterial inclusion vesicle?

A

nutrients

35
Q

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that?

A

a microbe causes a specific disease

36
Q

how are ribosomal subunits usually designated?

A

based on their sedimentation rate (affected by size and shape)

37
Q

the most common infectious disease world wide falls into what category?

A

respiratory diseases

38
Q

who developed the first rabies vaccine

A

Pasteur

39
Q

the five I’s of microbiology are?

A

Inoculation; Incubation; Isolation; Inspection; Identification

40
Q

agar is added to culture media to convert it from a semi solid for to what?

A

solid form

41
Q

do mycoplasms have a L-form?

A

no- (l forms are bacteria that have lost their cell wall)

42
Q

the cytoplasmic membrane in a prokaryote is?

A

selective barrier which regulates the passage of materials to from the cell- Composed of phospholipid and protein membranes form thin, flexible, self-sealing, highly selective barriers between the inside of the cell and the outside world.

43
Q

chemotaxis is when?

A

cells with flagella use runs and tumbles to move toward an attractant

44
Q

what is a spheroplast?

A

a gram negative bacteria that has partial loss of its cell wall

45
Q

are all rickettsias obligate intracellular bacteria?

A

yes

46
Q

complex nutrient media is an undefined medium because?

A

because the amino acid source contains a variety of compounds with the exact composition being unknown.

47
Q 
which word is best associated with prokaryotes or eukaryotes? 
peptidoglycan
Golgi bodies
plasma membrane with sterols
microtubules
lipoplysaccharides
A 
P
E
E
E
P
48
Q

what theory is Louis Pasteur responsible for?

A

disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, and first rabies vaccine

49
Q

What theory is Robert Koch responsible for?

A

germ theory of disease

50
Q

what theory is anton von leeuwenhoek responsible for?

A

invention of first microscope

51
Q

what theory is joseph lister most responsible for?

A

aseptic surgical technique

52
Q

what is the most distinctive difference between gram + and gram -

A

the gram - cell wall has no outer membrane

53
Q

the pilus in bacteria functions in which ways?

A

to transfer genetic material from one bacteria to another, the transfer of plasmids that may allow for antibiotic resistance, chemotaxis

54
Q

what cell structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

ribosomes, DNA

55
Q

features unique to eukaryotes

A

membrane bound nucleus, microtubules in their flagella, have more than one chromosome, 80s ribosomal structure

56
Q

where do metabolic reactions take place in eukaryotes?

A

cytoplasm

57
Q

what are Koch’s postulates?

A

microorganism must be found in abundance in all org. suffering from disease
microorg must be isolated from a diseased org and grow in pure culture
cultured microorg should cause the same disease when introduced to healthy org
microorg must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and be identical to original specific causative agent

bio 205 exam 1 (2 decks)

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