Bio 202 Lesson3

Question 0

Erythrocytes

Answer 0

The red blood cells that transport oxygen.

Constitute about 45% of the total volume of a blood sample.

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

A specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells, the formed elements, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma.

Question 2

Buffy coat

Answer 2

A thin, whitish layer present at the erythrocyte-plasma junction. And it contains leukocytes and platelets.

Question 3

Leukocytes

Answer 3

White blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body

Question 4

Platelets

Answer 4

Cell fragments that help stop bleeding

Question 5

Hematocrit

Answer 5

Percentage of a total blood sample

Question 6

Percentage if leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and plasma

Answer 6

Erythrocytes: 45%
Leukocytes and platelets make up less than 1% of blood volume.
Plasma makes up most of the remaining 55% of whole blood.

Question 7

Blood functions

Answer 7

• distribution
• deriving oxygen from the lungs and nutrients form the digestive tract to all body cells.
• transporting metabolic waste products from cells to elimination sites (lungs for elimination of co2, and to the kidneys for disposal of nitrogenous wastes in urine).
• transporting hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs.
• regulation
• maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and skin surface to encourage heat loss.
• maintaining normal pH in body tissues. Many blood proteins and other bloodborne solutes act as buffers to prevent excessive or abrupt changes in blood pH that could jeopardize normal cell activities. Additionally, blood acts as the reservoir for the body’s “alkaline reserve” of bicarbonate atoms.
• maintains adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system. Salts (sodium chloride and others) and blood proteins act to prevent excessive fluid loss from the bloodstream into the tissue spaces. As a result, the fluid volume in the blood vessels remains ample to support efficient blood circulation to all parts of the body.
• protection
• preventing blood loss. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets and plasma proteins initiate clot formation, halting blood loss.
• preventing infection. Drifting along in blood at antibodies, complement proteins, and white blood cells, all of which help defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 8

Plasma

Answer 8

A straw colored, sticky fluid that is mostly water (about 90%) but also contains over 100 different dissolved solutes including nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes and products of cell activity, ions, and proteins.

Question 9

Albumin

Answer 9

Accounts for some 60% of plasma protein. It acts as a carrier to shuttle certain molecules through the circulation, is an important blood buffer, and is the major blood protein contributing to the plasma osmotic pressure (the pressure that helps to keep water in the bloodstream). (Sodium ions are the other major solute contributing to blood osmotic pressure.)

Question 10

The makeup of plasma varies…

Answer 10

Continuously as cells remove or add substances to the blood.

Question 11

Erythrocytes

Answer 11

Red blood cells

Question 12

The RBC protein that functions in gas transport

Answer 12

Hemoglobin

Question 13

Other protein that is present in RBCs that rid the body of harmful oxygen radicals

Answer 13

Antioxidant enzymes

Question 14

Most proteins in RBCs function mainly to..

Answer 14

To maintain the plasma membrane or promote change in RBC shape.