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BIO 20 - (2017-2018) > BIO 20 - Terminology Cards > Flashcards

BIO 20 - Terminology Cards Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Producer, primary consumer, and secondary consumer are _ ____ ____

A

3 trophic levels

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2
Q

Hybrid of two neighboring ecosystems

A

Ecotone

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3
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only change form

A

The first law of thermodynamics

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4
Q

All energy transformation is inefficient because some usable energy is always dissipated to the environment as unusable heat

A

The second law of thermodynamics

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5
Q

Schematic representation of the relative amount of energy at each trophic level. (producers [more] consumer [less])

A

Energy

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6
Q

Schematic representation of the relative amount of biomass at each trophic level. (can be either high at producers or high at secondary consumers)

A

Mass

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7
Q

Schematic representation of the relative numbers of organisms at each trophic level (high at producers and low at consumers)

A

Numbers

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8
Q

Population of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

A

Species

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9
Q

Any group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area at the same time

A

Population

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10
Q

All of the organisms in all the interacting populations in a given area

A

Community

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11
Q

A community of populations, together with the abiotic factors that surround and surround and affect it

A

Ecosystem

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12
Q

A transformation of a lake to a pond through sediment build up

A

Succession

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13
Q

Bottom of lake fills with sediment and decomposed fish. It becomes shallower and warmer as a result

A

Eutrophic lakes

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14
Q

Lakes that are very deep and haven’t started the process of eutrophics

A

Oligotrophic lakes

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15
Q

In a lake ecosystem; where light can reach the bottom, photosynthesis can occur, and plants can thrive

A

Littoral zone

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16
Q

In a lake ecosystem; where the water reaches a depth where light cannot touch, and plankton and fish thrive

A

Limnetic zone

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17
Q

In a lake ecosystem; where light does not reach, and

mostly decomposers and detritus feeders thrive

A

Prefundal zone

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18
Q

During this season lakes cool, become denser, and ends up being warmer at the bottom

A

Winter

19
Q

During this season lakes separate into 3 distinct layers and becomes warmer at the top

A

Summer

20
Q

Naming process of organisms

A

Nomenclature

21
Q

When two organisms have similar structural elements but different functions they have ______ _______

A

Homologous features

22
Q

When two organisms have similar functions for their structural elements but not common evolutionary origin they have ______ _____

A

Analogous features

23
Q

When a part in an organism has no particular function it is called a _____ _____

A

Vestal features

24
Q

Inheritance of acquired characteristics was discovered by ______

A

Lamarck

25
Q

Natural selection was discovered by _____

A

Darwin

26
Q

____ ____ includes cellular respiration, fossil fuels, decomposition of organisms, and factories in its cycle

A

Carbon cycle

27
Q

_____ ___ includes photosynthesis and breathing in its cycle

A

Oxygen cycle

28
Q

____ _____ includes DNA and ATP, soil, water in its cycle. Is trapped in rocks, is consumed, and is contained in algae (balances the growth of producers and limit the growth of plants)

A

Phosphorus cycle

29
Q

____ ____ includes DNA which is converted into ammonium (nitrogen fixation), and bacteria share what is produced with plants

A

Nitrogen cycle

30
Q

Lots of this is good in ecosystem and makes it strong

A

Biodiversity

31
Q

Bacteria that that have a byproduct of sulfuric acid (process called chemosynthesis).

A

Chemoautotrophs

32
Q

Units making up nucleic acids and makes up DNA and RNA

A

Nucleotides

33
Q

Ability to absorb or reflect light or heat from the sun

A

Albedo effect

34
Q

_____ albedo = reflection

A

High

35
Q

______ albedo = absoroption

A

Low

36
Q

Allows energy to flow but not matter

A

Closed system

37
Q

Allows energy and matter to flow

A

Open system

38
Q

No energy or matter is allowed to flow

A

Isolated system

39
Q

Uses sun’s energy to make food, producer

A

Autotrophs

40
Q

Relies on producers for food

A

Secondary consumers

41
Q

Incapable of making food so they eat other organisms

A

Heterotrophs

42
Q

the role that members of a population play in a community, including the resources that members need and the way in which members interact with other members of the population and the community

A

Ecological niche

43
Q

______ species are put into an ecosystem that they are alien to. Sometimes they overpopulate and invade the ecosystem

A

Exotic

44
Q

Mutations can be _____, ______, and ______

A

Beneficial neutral harmful

BIO 20 - (2017-2018) (1 decks)

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