BIO 20 - Terminology Cards

Question 1

Producer, primary consumer, and secondary consumer are _ ____ ____

Answer 1

3 trophic levels

Question 2

Hybrid of two neighboring ecosystems

Answer 2

Ecotone

Question 3

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only change form

Answer 3

The first law of thermodynamics

Question 4

All energy transformation is inefficient because some usable energy is always dissipated to the environment as unusable heat

Answer 4

The second law of thermodynamics

Question 5

Schematic representation of the relative amount of energy at each trophic level. (producers [more] consumer [less])

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

Schematic representation of the relative amount of biomass at each trophic level. (can be either high at producers or high at secondary consumers)

Answer 6

Mass

Question 7

Schematic representation of the relative numbers of organisms at each trophic level (high at producers and low at consumers)

Answer 7

Numbers

Question 8

Population of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Answer 8

Species

Question 9

Any group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area at the same time

Answer 9

Population

Question 10

All of the organisms in all the interacting populations in a given area

Answer 10

Community

Question 11

A community of populations, together with the abiotic factors that surround and surround and affect it

Answer 11

Ecosystem

Question 12

A transformation of a lake to a pond through sediment build up

Answer 12

Succession

Question 13

Bottom of lake fills with sediment and decomposed fish. It becomes shallower and warmer as a result

Answer 13

Eutrophic lakes

Question 14

Lakes that are very deep and haven’t started the process of eutrophics

Answer 14

Oligotrophic lakes

Question 15

In a lake ecosystem; where light can reach the bottom, photosynthesis can occur, and plants can thrive

Answer 15

Littoral zone

Question 16

In a lake ecosystem; where the water reaches a depth where light cannot touch, and plankton and fish thrive

Answer 16

Limnetic zone

Question 17

In a lake ecosystem; where light does not reach, and

mostly decomposers and detritus feeders thrive

Answer 17

Prefundal zone

Question 18

During this season lakes cool, become denser, and ends up being warmer at the bottom

Answer 18

Winter

Question 19

During this season lakes separate into 3 distinct layers and becomes warmer at the top

Answer 19

Summer

Question 20

Naming process of organisms

Answer 20

Nomenclature

Question 21

When two organisms have similar structural elements but different functions they have ______ _______

Answer 21

Homologous features

Question 22

When two organisms have similar functions for their structural elements but not common evolutionary origin they have ______ _____

Answer 22

Analogous features

Question 23

When a part in an organism has no particular function it is called a _____ _____

Answer 23

Vestal features

Question 24

Inheritance of acquired characteristics was discovered by ______

Answer 24

Lamarck

Question 25

Natural selection was discovered by _____

Answer 25

Darwin

Question 26

____ ____ includes cellular respiration, fossil fuels, decomposition of organisms, and factories in its cycle

Answer 26

Carbon cycle

Question 27

_____ ___ includes photosynthesis and breathing in its cycle

Answer 27

Oxygen cycle

Question 28

____ _____ includes DNA and ATP, soil, water in its cycle. Is trapped in rocks, is consumed, and is contained in algae (balances the growth of producers and limit the growth of plants)

Answer 28

Phosphorus cycle

Question 29

____ ____ includes DNA which is converted into ammonium (nitrogen fixation), and bacteria share what is produced with plants

Answer 29

Nitrogen cycle

Question 30

Lots of this is good in ecosystem and makes it strong

Answer 30

Biodiversity

Question 31

Bacteria that that have a byproduct of sulfuric acid (process called chemosynthesis).

Answer 31

Chemoautotrophs

Question 32

Units making up nucleic acids and makes up DNA and RNA

Answer 32

Nucleotides

Question 33

Ability to absorb or reflect light or heat from the sun

Answer 33

Albedo effect

Question 34

_____ albedo = reflection

Answer 34

High

Question 35

______ albedo = absoroption

Answer 35

Low

Question 36

Allows energy to flow but not matter

Answer 36

Closed system

Question 37

Allows energy and matter to flow

Answer 37

Open system

Question 38

No energy or matter is allowed to flow

Answer 38

Isolated system

Question 39

Uses sun's energy to make food, producer

Answer 39

Autotrophs

Question 40

Relies on producers for food

Answer 40

Secondary consumers

Question 41

Incapable of making food so they eat other organisms

Answer 41

Heterotrophs

Question 42

the role that members of a population play in a community, including the resources that members need and the way in which members interact with other members of the population and the community

Answer 42

Ecological niche

Question 43

______ species are put into an ecosystem that they are alien to. Sometimes they overpopulate and invade the ecosystem

Answer 43

Exotic

Question 44

Mutations can be _____, ______, and ______

Answer 44

Beneficial neutral harmful