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bio 20-1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology is the study of

A

relationship between organisms and their environments

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2
Q

Ecology links what

A

technology, culture and nature

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3
Q

open system ecosystem

A

allows transfer of energy and matter

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4
Q

closed system ecosystem

A

allows transfer of energy, but NOT matter

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5
Q

isolated system ecosystem

A

doesn’t allow transfer of energy or matter

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6
Q

biosphere

A

atmosphere where living organisms exist

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7
Q

atmosphere

A

gas part of the earth (air)

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8
Q

geosphere/lithosphere

A

solid part of the earth (land)

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9
Q

hydrosphere

A

solid and liquid water part of the earth (oceans/lakes)

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10
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living

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11
Q

biotic

A

living

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12
Q

abiotic components

A

chemical and physical

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13
Q

chemical abiotic components

A

nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and carbon

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14
Q

physical abiotic compnents

A

sun, temp, and wind

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15
Q

biotic components

A

producers, decomposers, consumers

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16
Q

populations

A

groups of organisms (same time, same place, same species)

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17
Q

communities

A

populations that live in the same area at the same time

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18
Q

ecosystems

A

place capable of supporting life, where scientists study the interactions between living and non-living things

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19
Q

biodiversity

A

amount and variety of organisms in an ecosystem

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20
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

constant change in an ecosystem that doesn’t disturb the entire ecosystem

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21
Q

indicator species

A

species that provides an early warning that there is something affecting the ecosystem

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22
Q

factors that cause disappearance of specific organisms

A

loss of habitat, pollution, climate change, and ultra violet radiation

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23
Q

loss of habitat

A

habitats are destroyed due to human activity

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24
Q

pollution

A

causes poor air and water quality

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25
Q

climate change

A

causes abiotic conditions to change

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26
Q

ultra violet radiation

A

increases amount of mutations because of damage of the ozone layer

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27
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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28
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

nothing can ever be 100% efficient

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29
Q

where does most energy in the biosphere come from

A

the sun

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30
Q

albedo

A

amount of energy reflected from a surface

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31
Q

earth is what kind of system

A

closed

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32
Q

photosythesis

A

process where producers capture solar energy and convert it into food

33
Q

cellular respiration

A

process where consumers break down glucose into CO2 and H2O, releasing usable energy

34
Q

chemosysthesis

A

captures the energy stored in chemical bonds and converts it into glucose

35
Q

producers are also known as

A

autotrophs

36
Q

producers make what

A

their own food

37
Q

photosynthetic producers (photoautotrophs)

A

use solar energy to convert carbon into carbohydrates (make food using the sun)

38
Q

chemosynthetic producers (chemoautotrophs)

A

uses energy in inorganic compounds to store energy in glucose without sunlight (make food without sunlight)

39
Q

consumers are also known as

A

heterotrophs

40
Q

consumers require energy to

A

consume other organisms for energy

41
Q

primary consumers

A

herbivores (only eat producers/plants)

42
Q

secondary consumers

A

carnivores (only eat meat/herbivores and other carnivores)

43
Q

tertiary consumers

A

eat consumers

44
Q

decomposers

A

break down dead organisms and waste to return the nutrients back into the ecosystem

45
Q

trophic levels

A

categories that define how living things gain energy (feeding levels)

46
Q

what are the trophic levels 1-4

A
  1. producers 2. primary consumers 3. secondary consumers 4. tertiary consumers
47
Q

food chain

A

shows the pathway on how food and energy is transferred

48
Q

food web

A

interlocking food chains that are more complex and realistic

49
Q

what happens when energy is lost

A

limits the number of trophic levels that a food web can contain

50
Q

where does energy go as you move up the food chain

A

used to digest and metabolize, lost as heat, lost as waste, helps with growth

51
Q

what percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

A

10%

52
Q

ecological pyramids

A

describes quantitative relationships between trophic levels

53
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

based on the # of organisms at each trophic level (more grass, less eagles)

54
Q

inverted pyramid of numbers

A

when there are fewer of the lower trophic levels (less grass, more eagles)

55
Q

pyramid of biomass

A

dry mass of the organisms at each trophic level

56
Q

inverted pyramid of biomass

A

more mass at the lower trophic levels

57
Q

pyramid of energy

A

total amount of energy in each trophic level

58
Q

monocultures/agriculture

A

ecosystems need to be diverse for stability, but agriculture is when farmers only farm one type of plant which eliminates ecosystems

59
Q

pesticides

A

eliminates one species, but has lasting effects on others

60
Q

biological amplification/magnification

A

build up of harmful toxin in organisms as the chemicals are transferred through the food chain

61
Q

water comprises what percent of all plant and animal tissue

A

more than 50%

62
Q

precipitation

A

any form of water that falls from the sky

63
Q

infiltration

A

surface water becomes ground water by moving down through the soil

64
Q

surface run-off

A

when soil is infiltrated to full capacity, any excess water flows over the land

65
Q

condensation

A

water vapor returns to liquid form either by saturation (dew) or in clouds by accumulating large water droplets

66
Q

percolation

A

movement of water through the soil

67
Q

leaching

A

removal of soluble minerals by percolation

68
Q

evaporation

A

water ends up as a vapor in the atmosphere by evaporating from ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans

69
Q

transpiration

A

movement of water through a plant and it’s evaporation from leaves, stems and flowers

70
Q

evaportranspiration

A

how water vapor ends up in the atmosphere (combined evaporation and transpiration)

71
Q

biogeochemical cycles

A

routes that chemical nutrients take through the biosphere

72
Q

rapid cycling

A

substances that cycle quickly between nutrient reservoirs

73
Q

slow cycling

A

some substances accumulate and are stored for long periods of time in nutrient reservoirs

74
Q

sulfate reducers

A

convert suflate to sulfide

75
Q

sulfur oxidizers

A

convert sulfide to elemental sulfur and sulfate

76
Q

acid deposition

A

precipitation of acidic solutions due to SOx and NOx gases combining with water (acid rain)

77
Q

volcanic activity and human industries

A

distribute sulfur into the soil, air, and water

78
Q

carbon is found in

A

inorganic forms

bio 20-1 (1 decks)

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