Bio 191 Final

Question 1

Living organisms and nonliving systems have numerous characteristics in common but only organisms

Answer 1

Are composed of cells

Question 2

The level of organization that is more complex than an atom, but less complex an organelle

Answer 2

Molecule 

Question 3

Molecules may be assembled into a microscopic structure called ______, which carries out specific functions with an cell

Answer 3

Organelle

Question 4

The simplest level of organization that can carry out all the functions of life is a

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

a______is a group of similar cells that act as a fundamental unit

Answer 5

Tissue

Question 6

Your brain is a example of a____

Answer 6

Organ

Question 7

A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same place is called a_____

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

A biological community together with its physical habitat constitutes a______

Answer 8

Ecosystem

Question 9

What are the steps of the scientific process in order?

Answer 9

1. make observations
2. Formulate hypothesis.
3. Make a prediction.
4. Design and carry out experiment.
5. Analyze data.
6. Form conclusion

Question 10

True or false all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or false, Different cell types develop in a multicellular organism, because each cell has its own unique set of genes

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or false underlying similarities in biochemistry and genetics support the idea that all life evolved from a single ancestor

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or false molecules in different organisms that perform the same function are likely to have a similar structure

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or false evolutionary conservation, explains that diversity of life

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Information stored in inorganic molecules is used to direct the synthesis of cellular components

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or false cells process information stored in their DNA as well as information they receive from the environment

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or false organisms are closed systems that require an input of energy in order to maintain their high level of complexity and organization

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or false the unity of living systems arises through evolutionary change

Answer 18

False

Question 19

List the three components of cell theory

Answer 19

1. Cells carried genetic material that is passed through replication.
2. Cells arise from other cells.
3. All living organisms consist of one or more cells.

Question 20

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as

Answer 20

Nucleotides

Question 21

What nucleic acid does RNA have that DNA doesn’t

Answer 21

Uracil

Question 22

What is a chain of amino acids called?

Answer 22

Polypeptides

Question 23

What is a primary structure in protein

Answer 23

Amino acid

Question 24

What’s the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds

Question 25

What’s a tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 25

Folding polypeptide bases

Question 26

What is the quaternary structure in protein?

Answer 26

Polypeptide bonds

Question 27

What is a catalyst?

Answer 27

An enzyme that speeds up reactions

Question 28

Lipids are

Answer 28

Fatty acids made of non-polar tails

Question 29

What molecules are fats made out of

Answer 29

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 30

Biological membranes are mostly made out of

Answer 30

Phospholipids

Question 31

What do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t

Answer 31

Eukaryotes are membrane bound, and have nucleus

Question 32

What do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have?

Answer 32

Cell membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm

Question 33

This is an extensive network of internal membranes were proteins, carbs, and lipids are manufactured

Answer 33

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Contains instructions for protein, synthesis and cell reproduction contain genetic information

Answer 34

Nucleus

Question 35

Packages proteins for export from cell

Answer 35

Golgi

Question 36

Digest, worn out organelles and cell debris

Answer 36

Lysosome

Question 37

Carries out a variety of functions, including regulating water levels, in plants

Answer 37

Vacuole

Question 38

Involved in the breakdown of fats and contains the enzyme catalase

Answer 38

Peroxisome

Question 39

A leopard layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes

Answer 39

Phospholipids

Question 40

The movement of substances from places of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 40

Diffusion

Question 41

What is hypertonic solution?

Answer 41

Less water

Question 42

What is hypotonic solution?

Answer 42

More water

Question 43

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 43

Molecules move down their concentration gradient attached to a protein

Question 44

What is active transport?

Answer 44

It needs an energy source and it is when molecules move against their concentration gradient

Question 45

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 45

Moving energy energy that is being used

Question 46

What is potential energy?

Answer 46

Energy that are stored and is ready to be used

Question 47

When a protein loses its shape, it has been

Answer 47

Denatured

Question 48

Which part of an enzyme interacts with a substrate

Answer 48

Active site

Question 49

When a molecule gains in an electron its

Answer 49

Reduction

Question 50

When a molecule loses an electron it

Answer 50

Oxidation

Question 51

And glycolysis glucose is converted to

Answer 51

Pyruvate

Question 52

The net result of a single round of glycolysis forms

Answer 52

2 NADH and 2 ATP

Question 53

Under anaerobic conditions, the end product of glycolysis is converted to

Answer 53

Lactic acid

Question 54

Before entering, the Krebs cycle pyruvate is converted to

Answer 54

Acetyl-CoA

Question 55

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 55

Mitochondria matrix

Question 56

Electrons are brought into the electron transport system by the oxidation of

Answer 56

NADH and FADH2

Question 57

The movement of protons through ATP synthesis occurs from the

Answer 57

Intermembrane space to the matrix

Question 58

When oxygen accepts electrons____is produced as a byproduct

Answer 58

Water

Question 59

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 59

6CO2 +12H2O + light energy Yields C6 H12 O6+6O2+6 H2O

Question 60

What does light dependent reactions need and make

Answer 60

They need light input and they produce ATP and NADPH

Question 61

What do light Independent reactions need.

Answer 61

Why independent reactions need the products from light dependent reactions. They use ATP and NADPH to make carbs from carbon dioxide a.k.a Calvin cycle

Question 62

What is a stroma?

Answer 62

Semi liquid substance surrounding thylakoid membrane

Question 63

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Answer 63

Stroma

Question 64

What’s the correct order of phases and interphase?

Answer 64

G1 phase S phase G2 phase

Question 65

The division of cytoplasm is called

Answer 65

Cytokinesis

Question 66

What’s the correct order of phases in mitosis?

Answer 66

Prophase metaphase, anaphase telophase

Question 67

What phase do most cells spend their time in?

Answer 67

G1 phase 

Question 68

This creates gametes

Answer 68

Meiosis

Question 69

What creates somatic body cells?

Answer 69

Mitosis

Question 70

So they have once at a chromosomes are called

Answer 70

Haploid

Question 71

What is it when a single gene locus affects more than one trait

Answer 71

Pleiotropy

Question 72

When a single trait is affected by more than one gene locus

Answer 72

Polygenic

Question 73

When allele at one gene Locust can interfere with other alleles

Answer 73

Epistasis 

Question 74

When an offspring has an extra or missing chromosome

Answer 74

Aneuploidy

Question 75

The enzyme that unwind, a segment of DNA

Answer 75

Helicase

Question 76

Does majority of adding nucleotides and copying

Answer 76

DNA polymerase three

Question 77

Replaces RNA primer with nucleotides

Answer 77

DNA polymerase one

Question 78

Relieves coiling as helicase unwind, DNA

Answer 78

Gyrase

Question 79

Add primer to exposed parent strand

Answer 79

Primase

Question 80

Bonds dna fragments together

Answer 80

Ligase

Question 81

Extends telomeres and binds and adds nucleotides

Answer 81

Telomerase

Question 82

Swap one nucleotide for another

Answer 82

Base substitution mutation

Question 83

When you add one or more nucleotides

Answer 83

Insertion mutation

Question 84

When you remove one or more nucleotides

Answer 84

Deletion mutation

Question 85

When rna polymerase becomes misaligned with codons

Answer 85

Frame shift mutation

Question 86

Whole codon on is duplicated three times the same

Answer 86

Triplet repeat, mutation

Question 87

When sections of chromosomes are repeated, and inserted back into the chromosome

Answer 87

Duplication mutate

Question 88

 RNA is used as a template to make polypeptide

Answer 88

Translation

Question 89

DNA is used as template to make a complementary strand of RNA

Answer 89

Transcription

Question 90

What are some stop codon RNA

Answer 90

SRP RNA, and micro RNA

Question 91

What binds to a site, when the ribosome encounters a stop codon

Answer 91

Release factor

Question 92

New amino acids enter at which site

Answer 92

A site

Question 93

Where is tRNA released?

Answer 93

E site 

Question 94

What does splicing do?

Answer 94

Joins two exons together

Question 95

In the absence of tryptophan, the TRP repressor is

Answer 95

Inactive and cannot bind to the operator

Question 96

In the presence of tryptophan tryptophan, binds to the

Answer 96

TRP repressor

Question 97

The lac operon is expressed, when

Answer 97

Glucose is low and lactose is present

Question 98

In the absence of lactose that lac repressor is

Answer 98

Active and can bind to the operator

Question 99

Where do activators bind

Answer 99

To enhancers

Question 100

 what type of receptor binds to hydrophobic ligands

Answer 100

Intracellular receptor

Question 101

Which protein is non-enzyme, but is bound to an enzyme that can hydrolyze GTP and GDP

Answer 101

G protein coupled with receptor

Question 102

What is a ligand

Answer 102

Signal molecule 

Question 103

Gap, junctions, and direct contact is which communication

Answer 103

Direct contact

Question 104

Signals released from cell and only cells here, respond (wound) what type of communication is this?

Answer 104

Paracrine signaling

Question 105

Far distance send signals from particular area, and only cells that have receptors received them. What kind of communication is this?

Answer 105

Endocrine

Question 106

Signaling and nervous system neurons flood synaps with neurotransmitters

Answer 106

Synaptic

Question 107

What is cell signal transduction

Answer 107

1. Chemical signal( ligand) binds to receptor 2. Causes change in receptor. 3. Initiates cell response. 

Question 108

What protein channels allows certain ions across cell membrane?

Answer 108

Chemical gated ion channels

Question 109

Once Ligan binds to receptor it, acts as a enzyme, carrying out chemical reaction

Answer 109

Enzymatic receptor

Question 110

A molecule that adds phosphates

Answer 110

Protein kinase