Bio Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Comprises the brain and spinal cord
Spinal Cord
Segmented cord linked with organs and muscles of specific body regions.
Cervical
C1-C8
Thoracic
T1-T2
Lumbar
L1-L5
Sacral
S1-S5
Dura Mater
The outer most layer that protects the brain and the spinal cord
Arachnoid Mater
Thinner and more delicate membrane separated from the dura by the subdural space
Pia Mater
is the most delicate and highly vascular membrane
Cerebrum
Is the outer most visible layer.
Frontal Lobe
Largest of the four lobes and higher cognitive functioning. Contains Motor cortex, premotor cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and prefrontal cortex
Motor Cortex
initiation of motor movements and isolated muscle groups such as hands, fingers, lips, and tongue
Premotor Cortex
Initiation and execution of limb movements. Mirror neurons are located here and have been associated with imitation and empathy.
Prefrontal Cortex
Associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning and executive functioning. ex. reasoning, planning, and judgement.
Broca’s area
dedicated to fluent production of oral and written speech, as well as grammar and comprehension of syntax.
Temporal Lobe
responsible for receiving and interpreting sound information from the ears.
Primary Auditory Cortex
which processes sounds and helps us understand language
Decussation
the crossing over of nerve fibers or tracts from one side of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the other
Wernicke’s Area
dedicated to the comprehension of language
Parietal Lobes
process sensory information and integrates information with other sense to create spatial understanding of the world.
Occipital Lobe
Visual processing
Hippocampus
Critical for memory formation, such as the transfer of memories into long-term stores.
Story of H.M
Amygdala
processing emotions. Essential component of “fight or flight.”
Thalamus
Performs critical relay functions between the cortex and the brain stem. important attention and perceptual functions