bio 182 exam 3 Flashcards
carrying capacity
when r gets to zero; the size of the population that the environment can handle anything more than that and exceeds the resources that are available; organisms compete for limited resources
emigration
an animal leaves its home because the habitat is no longer ideal for them and they need to find a more suitable environment.
populations grow when…
births and immigrants exceed deaths and emigrants
change in pop size per time =
per capita growth rate x current population size
exponential growth rate
r stays the same and birth and death rates do not stay the same therefore this is a bad example of a population
logistic model assumptions
- all individuals survive and reproduce equally
2.immigration=emigration
3.birth and death rates decrease linearly with increasing density
competition occurs when…
species directly interfere with one another or when one species consumes a resource before the other can do so
competition exclusion principle
two species cannot coexist in the same environment if they require identical resources
niche partitioning
: where each species consumes a different resource. In this way, species coexist by minimizing competition; For example, two species that occupy a similar niche will likely diverge to create some differences between their niches. This pattern, emerges as mutations produce genotypes with a unique niche
fundamental niche
the full range of environmental conditions that a viable population of species can occupy and use, without any other limiting factors present which could constrain the population.
realized niche
could be filled and is affected by the life history traits of each species and each individual organism
dN/dt=rN
equilibrium size: none
maximal growth rate: r
competition: no competition
graph: straight up
dN/dt=rN(K-N/K)
equilibrium size: K
maximal growth rate: r(K-N/K)
competition: intraspecific competition
graph: up a lot then flat
dN/dt=r1N1(K1-N-aN2/K1)
equilibrium size: K1-aN2
maximal growth rate: r1(K1-aN2/K2)
competition: intra- and interspecific competition
graph: up a little then flat
keystone species
a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance
-strongly affects the structure of a community
-can increase or decrease diversity
teleconnection
climate anomalies being related to each other at large distances.
-the emissions we produce affects the world
positive feedback occurs when…
warming caused by carbon emissions leads to higher rates of microbial respiration and decomposition
climate envelope
where a species lives
-is use to predict how species will respond to climate change
-uses realized niche to predict the distribution of species
tragedy of the commons
if you have a common resource, it gets exploited by people that live in groups, which ten produces waste which has a negative impact on biodiversity on our planet
ocean acidification
a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
nitrogen cycle
a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere
paris agreement
legally binding international treaty on climate change
one-on-one coevolution
a single species e
