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bio Flashcards

1
Q

abiotic factor

A

non-living

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2
Q

biotic factor

A

living organism

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3
Q

nutrient

A

any element or compound that an organism needs for growth

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4
Q

ecosystem

A

all organisms in an area

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5
Q

habitat

A

all biotic and abiotic factors present in an area that encourage the reproduction

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6
Q

ecology

A

study of interactions within the environment

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7
Q

biomass

A

dry mass of all living organisms occupying a habitat

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8
Q

biosphere

A

all parts of earth where life exists

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9
Q

biomes

A

large area containing similar environmental conditions

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10
Q

biological community

A

interacting populations living in a certain area at a certain time

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11
Q

population

A

group of organisms, all of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

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12
Q

organism

A

individual life form

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13
Q

species

A

group of organisms that share common characteristics

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14
Q

symbiosis

A

long-lasting relationship benefits one organism

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15
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

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16
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits the other is neither helped or harmed
ex. shark+fish

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17
Q

paratism

A

parasite benefit at the expense of the host
ex. humans+ mosquitos

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18
Q

competition

A

two or more organisms compete for the same resource

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19
Q

producers

A

use light to produce sugars through photosynthesis
ex. plants

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19
Q

consumers

A

use other organisms as an energy source
ex. deer+grass

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20
Q

primary consumer

A

(herbivores) obtains energy from plants
ex. bunny, elephant

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21
Q

secondary consumer

A

(carnivores) obtains energy from herbivores ( primary consumer)
ex. grass-mouse-owl

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22
Q

tertiary consumer

A

(carnivors) obtains energy from other carnivores (secondary consumer)
ex. bird-fish-fish

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23
Q

scavenger

A

obtains energy from other animals that they didn’t kill themselves
ex. coyotes, snakes, vultures

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24
decomposer
obtains energy from dead organic materials - bacteria ex. worms, mushrooms
25
trophic level
different stages in food chain or web
26
food chain
food is transferred from one trophic level to another
27
food web
interconnected feeding relationships within an ecosystem
28
transpiration
loss of water vapor from a plant through its leaves
29
photosynthesis
plants and other organisms use light energy to convert H20 and CO2 into O2
30
cellular respiration
cells convert energy stored in sugars into energy that the cells can use
31
carbon cycle
all living things contain carbon containing molecules
32
oxygen cycle
most living things can't live without a source of oxygen
33
nitrogen fixation
process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia ex. N2-NH3=ammonia
34
nitrifying bacteria
type of soil bacteria that converts ammonia into nitrates NH3-NO3 (nitrate) NH3-NO2 (nitrite)
35
nitrification
plants can use NO3 and NO2
36
biodiversity
variety of life within an ecosystem
37
habitat fragment
continuous habitat broken apart into non-connected areas with non-habitat between
38
habitat destruction
permanent alteration of vital characteristics in an organisms habitat
39
extinct
does not exist
40
extirpated
no longer exists in one location but lives elsewhere
41
endangered
species is threatened with near extinction or extirpation throughout the range
42
threatened
species likely to become endangered
43
vulnerable
species likely to become threatened
44
invasive species
species that doesn't normally occur in an area. introduced through human actions
45
primary succession
changing bare rock into a community
46
pioneer species
simple plants that invade bare ground
47
climax community
stable community that results from the process of succession
48
secondary succession
occurs after existing community is disturbed by fire/flood
49
doubling time
amount of time it takes for population to double it's size
50
exponential growth
rapid growth of a population caused by a constant increase in numbers
51
exponential curve
(j-curve) shape for the graph of exponential growth
52
closed population
population size affected by births/deaths only
53
open populations
birth,deaths,immigration and emigration all affect the population size
54
carrying capacity
maximum number of individuals that can be sustained for a period of time in a given ecosystem ex. disease
55
s-curve
shape of a graph for a population limited by disease, competition, predation, etc
56
generation
single step in the line of descent ex. parent+child = 2 generations
57
gradualism
changes in species occurred gradually, in a steady way, over a long period of time
58
punctuated equilibrium
long periods of equilibrium (no change) interrupted by periods of speculation (change in species) -change happens all at once
59
mutation
random changes in genetic material that can be passed from parent to offspring
60
adaptation
behavior process that helps an organism survive its particular environment
60
variation
difference in the frequency of genes and traits among individuals in a population
61
theory of evolution
theory starting that the nature of a population gradually changes over time
62
natural selection
only the organisms best suited to their environment survive to reproduce
63
darwinian fitness
reproductive success
64
embryology
study of organisms in the early stages of development
65
homologous structures
common origin, different use
66
analogous structures
similar structures, similar use, different origin
67
vestigial structures
structures that have no present day function
68
bio geography
study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals
69
sexual reproduction
reproduction by union of sex cells from two different parents
70
asexual reproduction
reproduction of offspring from a single parent

science 20 (2 decks)

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