Bio Flashcards
Explain why increase in unsaturated fatty acid results in more phagocytosis
Membrane becomes more fluid as presence of C=C bonds cause the chain to bend so fluidity increases, so it can surround pathogens more easily. So more phagocytosis etc.
More engulfing via endocytosis
Facilitated diffusion and active transport
Facilitated channel and carrier
AT- carrier
What are microvilli?
membrane foldings of the epithelial cells. To increase the surface area for diffusion.
How to test for reducing sugars and what is the expected result for molasses
Add benedicts and heat in a water bath
Will go blue to green / orange / yellow not brick red - because not all are reducing sugars - SUCROSE)
Vitamin A is a fat
soluble vitamin which is
transported to the ileum via micelles.
Describe how vitamin
Ais absorbed into cells surrounding the ileum
make them more soluble in water so can enter cells by simple diffusion, can then be reformed
or put into vesicles by golgi
Calculate the actual size of the diameter
75 microcmetres
Explain how you breathe in
This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity,
Why was the sample thin in the opti see cal microscope
Light has a long wavelength so cannot penetrate thick specimens
Why was the air pressure increased inside the animal bladder filled with molasses and an air pocket, the whole thing surrounded by water?
lower water potential in molasses compared to water
water diffuse into the bladder by osmosis down a water potential gradient through a partially permeable membrane
volume of molasses and water solution increase
increasing hydrostatic pressure reducing the volume that the air can occupy, thereby increasing pressure
What change was made to reduce the air pressure in the second experiment
New was 160 kPa higher.so 960kpa So make increase WP outside so more water diffuse in by osmosis
Dilute molasses with distilled water using
1part molasses to 4 parts distilled water?
Uncertainty
+- 0.5
0.5/4 = 12.5%
P<0.05
What conclusions can be madq was e about the experiment?
R value was -0.98 so strong negative correlation
p value less than it
5% so probability results are due to chance is less than an 5
How did the distance from the root tip affect mitotic
(c) index
what does figure 4 tell you about the amount of cells in each phase of the cell cycle
Increased distance caused a decrease in mitotic index, less cells undergoing mitosis so increase in the number of cells in interphase or cytokinesis
increased proportion of cells in interphase further away from the root tip .
At 2.4mm there were no cells undergoing mitosis or all cells were in interphase stage
Two things which make aorta cell wall adapted to perform its function
1) Thick Muscle walls
Withstand high blood pressure within lumen of aorta
(keep blood at high pressure)
2) Thick Elastic walls
Stretch during ventricular systole
Recoil during ventricular diastole
Why was D slower at going brown than E
Less PPO concentration in D compared to E, so less E-S complexes can be formed therefore the reaction is slower so it takes longer for a colour change to be observed
How to prepare the apple so that both are faster
cutting apple differently, thinner slices,
The Student got
-30% as the percentage difference from stroke volume of diseased person compared to healthy person,
BVB thing what did the student do wrong
69.6-45.
24.6 / 69.6 * 100= 35.3%
student incorrectly rounded -35 down to -30.
subtracted 45 from 69.6 thats why she got
-35.3%..
How many male frogs did the mating call
20
2.5% from table
-800
Explain one change to both male frog populations to increase the number of mating calls
Increase the female frog population size
Use table 6 & 7 to explain the effect of ED22 on frog breeding
Females spent half the time in courtship so more breeding can occur
0.5% difference in mating calls between
ED22 and none. But the decreased courtship time is more significant so over a specific time period more breeding is likely to occur with ed22.
Assuming frog population is large.
Organelles 5 marker
RER - produces and folds polypeptides to form proteins
Mitochondria - produces ATP required for proteisynthesis
