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Biology 171 > Bio 171 Final Exam > Flashcards

Bio 171 Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the ends of the chromosomes called?

A

Tilomeres

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2
Q

What does the I locus on chromosome 9 determine?

A

Blood type

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3
Q

Codominant?

A

When a single individual expresses two alleles; AB blood type

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4
Q

C locus encodes?

A

Tyrosinase

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5
Q

E locus encodes?

A

MCR1

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6
Q

Melanocytes produce and secrete?

A

They produce pigment and secret melanin

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7
Q

Complete lack of TYRP1 gene causes?

A

Albinoism

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8
Q

What is a melanocyte?

A

A cell that produces melanin

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9
Q

What is a melanosome?

A

Vesicle in the melanocyte where melanin production occurs

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10
Q

What does OCA2 pump into the melanosome?

A

Tyrosine

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11
Q

Nonsense mutation?

A

Changing an amino acid to a stop codon

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12
Q

Silent mutation?

A

Changing a nucleotide, but still gives the same amino acid

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13
Q

Y locus encodes?

A

Phytoene synthase which makes carotene

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14
Q

R locus encodes?

A

Starch synthase

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15
Q

Incomplete dominance?

A

A heterozygote that carries two different alleles which exhibits a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous individuals; RR-brown horse, rr-red horse, Rr-roan horse. Rr is incomplete

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16
Q

Deficiency of factor 8 gives?

A

Hemophilia A

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17
Q

Dificiency of factor 9 causes?

A

Hemophilia B

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18
Q

E locus effects?

A

Expression of TYRP1

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19
Q

I locus attaches?

A

A sugar to a protein the Golgi

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20
Q

UV light destroys?

A

Folate

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21
Q

UV light is naturally converted to?

A

Vitamin D

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22
Q

Euploid?

A

Normal number of chromosomes

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23
Q

Aneuploid?

A

Wrong number of chromosomes

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24
Q

What does superoxide dismutase cause?

A

Found on chromosome 21 and causes neuromuscular defects

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25
Q

Capase uses what to cut?

A

Cysteine

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26
Q

ICAD stands for?

A

Inhibitor of caspase activated DNA

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27
Q

BCl-2 binds to?

A

Bax to prevent apoptosis

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28
Q

When does p53 act?

A

During G1 phase

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29
Q

p21 directly inhibits what? and responds to what?

A

Inhibits start kinase. Responds to moderate amounts of damage

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30
Q

Hydrogen bonds between Ts and As, and between Gs and Cs?

A

Ts and As: two

Gs and Cs: three

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31
Q

RE?

A

Response element, binding sites

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32
Q

What is TBP and what does it do?

A

TATA binding protein that utilizes phenylalanine to open DNA

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33
Q

7-meg will initiate?

A

Translation

34
Q

3rd position on anticodon is called?

A

Wobble position because it accepts different versions of an amino acid

35
Q

eIF4 binds to?

A

The cap of 7-meg cap

36
Q

What is proofreading?

A

EF-Tu is bound to GTP and makes sure that the correct tRNA is base paired to the mRNA

37
Q

Peptidyl transfer?

A

Peptide moves from P site to A site

38
Q

1st elongation cycle?

A

EFG moves entire ribosome 3 nucleotides down the mRNA

39
Q

When does termination occur?

A

When proteins called release factors make a cut

40
Q

ProteinencodedbytheClocuswherethec/cgenotypeiscompletelyunpigmented?

A

Tyrosinase

41
Q

Substrateonwhichtyrosinasereacts?

A

Tyrosine

42
Q

Productoftyrosinase?

A

Dopachrome

43
Q

Requiredfortheconversionofdopachrometomelanin?

A

TyrP1

44
Q

Requiredtoactivate activatethe

expressionofTyrP1?

A

MCR1

45
Q

Glycosylatedproteindisplayedonred

bloodcells?

A

Glycophorin

46
Q

SugaraddedbytheIB geneproducttoglycophorin’s

polysaccharidechainintheGolgi?

A

Galactose

47
Q

SugaraddedbytheIA
geneproducttoglycophorin’s
polysaccharidechainintheGolgi?

A

N-acetylgalactosamine

48
Q

SimpleMendelianinheritance?

A

Cystic fibrosis

49
Q

Incompletedominance?

A

Pink Japanese 4o’clock flowers

50
Q

Sex‐linkedtrait?

A

Hemophilia A

51
Q

Dihybridcross?

A

YR pea mated with yr pea

52
Q

Codominance?

A

AB blood type

53
Q

Quantitative(multifactorial)trait?

A

Melanin synthesis

54
Q

Most pleiotropicgeneeffect?

A

Cystic fibrosis

55
Q

Diseasestatecorrelatedwithtoomuchuv irradiationwhichispreventedwhenmelaninishigh?

A

Neural tube defects

56
Q

RequiredforconversionofUtoT?

A

Methyltetrahydrofolate

57
Q

Diseasestatecorrelatedwithinsufficientuv irradiationwhichispreventedwhenmelaninislow?

A

Ricketts

58
Q

Converted by UV light to VitD?

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

59
Q

GeneticbasisofDownsyndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

60
Q

Causeofaneupyloidy?

A

Nondysjunction

61
Q

Pro-apoptotic compoundproducedduringelectrontransport?

A

Superoxide

62
Q

Anti-apoptotic genewhichisoverproducedintrisomy 21which
preventsthenormalremovalofsuperfluousneuronsduringlearning?

A

SOD - superoxide dismutase

63
Q

ConditionwhichcanresultfromlossofSOD?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

64
Q

Whatisthemetaboliccarcinogenicproductderivedfromtobaccosmoke?

A

Benzo(a)pyrene

65
Q

WhatrespondstoROSdamagetocytosines?

A

Uracil-DNA glycosylase

66
Q

WhatisthemostdirectconsequenceofuvirradiationtoDNA?

A

Thymine dimer

67
Q

WhatisthefirstresponsetoDNAdamagewhichcreatessingle‐anddoublestrandedcuts?

A

Repair endonuclease

68
Q

Whatisdirectlyactivatedbydouble‐andsingle‐strandedcutstoDNA?

A

ATM kinase

69
Q

WhatdoesATMkinaseactivateandChk2kinaseprotectfromMdm2‐directedproteolysis?

A

p53

70
Q

Whatp53-activatedexpressionproductredirectsDNApolymerasedelta/PCNAcomplexestositesofDNArepair?

A

p21

71
Q

UnderhighlevelsofDNAdamagewhatputsholesintheoutermembranesofmitochondriatoleakout cytochromec?

A

Bax

72
Q

Whatproteaseisactivatedbythecascadeinitiatedbycytochromecleaksintothecytoplasm?

A

Caspase 3

73
Q

Whatdoescaspase3cuttoinitatethedisintegrationofnuclearDNAassociatedwithapoptosis?

A

ICAD

74
Q

Whichofthefollowingmediatestheelectrostaticattractionbetweennucleosomes?

A

lysine

75
Q

Modifieslysinestonullifytheelectrostaticattractionof histonelysinestoadjacentnucleosomalDNA?

A

CBP

76
Q

PriesopenDNAtomakeatranscriptionbubble?

A

TBP

77
Q

A spliceosome is composed of a number of s?

A

snRNP

78
Q

Whichofthefollowingiscutoutofprimarytranscriptsbythespliceosome?

A

intron

79
Q

Whichofthefollowingisfoundatthe5’endofaprimarytranscriptandorganizestheassemblyofsnRNPs intoaspliceosome?

A

7-meg cap

80
Q

Which of the following is ligated by the spliceosome toformamaturetranscript?

A

exon

81
Q

WhichofthefollowingmakesacutjustafterthesequenceAAUAAAastranscriptionisoccuring?

A

Transcription terminator

82
Q

WhichofthefollowingisaddedtothecutmRNAandincreasesthelifetimeofthemRNA?

A

Poly A tail

Biology 171 (1 decks)

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