Bio Flashcards
What are proteins?
-Made of of Amino Acids monomers bonded together with a peptide bond making a polypeptide
-composed 1 or more polypeptides
-folds into 3D shapes that gives its function.
What are amino acids?
They are made up of a central carbon atom connected to the amino and carboxyl group
What are the levels of proteins?
1) primary structure
2)secondary structure
3) Tertiary structure
4)Quaternary Structure
What is a Primary Structure?
The linear sequence of amino acids.
-> amino acids monomer are join together by peptide linkages, forming polypeptide strands.
Draw a peptide bond
What is the Secondary structure?
The amino acids H-bonds with nets forming coils or fold sheets
What is alpha helix
Formed by H-bonding between every 4th amino acid within a strand
What is alpha helix
Formed by H-bonding between every 4th amino acid within a strand
What are B-sheets( Beta pleated sheets)
when H-bonds form between 2 parts of the polypeptide chain layer on eachother
What is tertiary structure
The helix and sheets in a polypeptide arrange themselves according to hydrophobic/phillic-ness, H-bonding and electrostatic charges and molecular chaperones.
What is Quanternary Structure?
2 or more large polypeptides interact to create a final shape that gives a protein it’s function.
What is Denaturation?
When proteins or nucleic acids lose their natural shape
What causes denaturation in a protein?
•pH
•heat
•Exposure to alcohol
•high salt concentrations
True or false is peptide Bond a Condensation reaction?
True
What are nucleic acids made up of?
nucleotide monomers bonded together with a phosphodiester bond
What are 2 types of nucleic acids
DNA & RNA
What is DNA?
A molecule that carries genetic information which is decoded into particular amino acid sequence of proteins.
What is RNA?
-Contains genetic information for some virus particles
-Assists DNA to make proteins
What are the 4 different nitrogenous bases ?
In DNA:
Adenine & Thymine(purines)
Guanine & Cytosine(Pyrimdines)
In RNA
-everything but thymine is replaced by Uracil
Draw Deoxyribose
Draw Ribose structure
