Bio 160 Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal enviornment
Growth
An increase in the size and/or number or cells present
Development
Production of specialized structures
Genetic Material
DNA
Order of Scientific Method
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analyze Data
- Conclusion
- Theory
Experimental vs Control Group
Experimental: What tests are conducted on
Control: Left alone to provide a baseline to compare the experimental results to
Hydrogen Bonds
Loose association between partially positive hydrogen and partially negative atoms. Usually between molecules or parts of a larger molecule
Covalent Bonds
Sharing of Elections
Polar: Unequal sharing of electrons
Non-polar: Equal sharing of electrons
Ionic
Transfer of elections between a cation and antion
4 main classes of organic molecules in a living system
- Proteins - Amino Acids, enzyme, transport
- Lipids - Diverse group, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, energy storage
- Carbs - Polysacchride, short term energy
- Nucleic Acid - Nucleotide, store and transfer of information (Nucleotide = Nucleus, Nucleus = DNA, DNA = Genetic Information)
What reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis
What reaction builds polymers from monomers?
Dehydration Synthesis
Describe Structure and Function (Found in all cells)
Plasma Membrane - Structure: Phospholipid Bilayer. Function: Separates and protects the inside of a cell from the outside
Cytoplasm/cytosol - Structure: Gel-like fluid. Function: Medium for chemical reactions. Provides a foundations for other organelles to do their thing
Ribosomes - Structure: Intercellular made of RNA and Protein. Function: The site of protein synthesis within a cell
Cytoskeletons - Structure: Microtubles, actin and intermediate filaments. Function: Give the cell its shape and help organize the cells parts
Describe Structure and Function (Found in some cells)
Cilia - Structure: Small, hair like. Function: Aid in movement
Flagella - Same as cilia, just found in different organisms
Cell Wall - Structure: Layer surrounding some kinds of cells. Function: Provides support and protection
Describe Structure and Function (Found in Eukaryotic Cells)
Nucleus - Structure: Spherical Shaped. Function: Genes and gene expression
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Structure: Rough and Smooth ER (Roast Beef). Function: Calcium Storage, protein Synthesis, Lipid Metabolism
Golgi Body - Structure: Flattened Pouches. Function: Process and Package protein and lipid molecules
Peroxisome - Structure: Single membrane. Function: Oxidation of several different enzymes
Mitochondria - Structure: membrane bound organelle. Function: Generate chemical energy for the cell
Describe Structure and Function (Found in animal cells)
Lysosome - Structure: Membrane bound organelle. Function: Contains digestive enzymes
Describe Structure and Function (Found in plant cells)
Chloroplast - Structure: Pill shaped. Function: Convert light into chemical energy for the cell
Large Central Vacuoles - Structure: Spherical. Function: stores water and regulates turgor pressure
Glycosis
Breaks down glucose to produce ATP, located in the Cytoplasm
Pyruvate Oxidation
Produces acytol co-enzyme, located in the Matria of Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Produces NADPH and FADH, plus 2 ATP. Located in the Matrix of the Mitochondria
Oxidative Phospholation and chemososmosis
Produces about 30 ATP, located in the cristae of mitochondria
What organisms undergo photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, and SOME bacteria
What organisms do cellular respiration (breathing)
Most living things, including some plants
