Bio Flashcards
4 cell theory factors
All living things are composed of cells.
The cell is the basic functional unit of life.
Cells arise only from preexisting cells./
Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.
Are viruses living organisms? why?
No, Viruses are small structures that contain genetic material but are unable to reproduce on their own. This violates the third and fourth tenets of the cell theory because virions can only replicate by invading other organisms and because they may use ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic information.
the importance of hydrogen peroxide to cellular function
Identify the predominant proteins found in microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
Distinguish between the properties of different cytoskeletal structures
Classify cell types as epithelial or connective tissue
Recall the names and functions of cellular organelles:
cytosol
allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell
nucleus
genetic material is encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is organized into chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells reproduce by ___ allowing for the formation of
mitosis, formation of two identical daughter cells
nuclear membrane or envelope
a double membrane that maintains a nuclear environment separate and distinct from the cytoplasm. allow for the formation of hnRNA or “pre-mrna” and the formation of a peptide from mRNA
Nuclear pores
Nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane allow selective two-way exchange of material between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
genes
The genetic material (DNA) contains coding regions
nucleolus
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized
histones
Linear DNA is wound around organizing proteins
chromosomes
linear strands
Mitochondria or Mitochondrion
the power plants of the cell, in reference to their important metabolic functions, 2 layers inner and outer
The outer mitochondria membrane
serves as a barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondrion.
inner mitochondria membrane
arranged into numerous infoldings called cristae, contain the molecules and enzymes of the electron transport chain (ATP creation). The cristae are highly complex structures that increase the surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes.
intermembrane space
The space between the inner and outer membranes
mitochondrial matrix
the space inside the inner membrane is called the mitochondrial matrix
