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bio Flashcards

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1
Q

process by which many genes interact to create a single characteristic

A

polygenic

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2
Q

an organism’s observed characteristics

A

phenotype

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3
Q

what does dna stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

inborn and involuntary behaviors–such as coughing, swallowing, sneezing, or vomiting– that are elicited by specific stimuli

A

reflexes

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5
Q

the cell body of the neuron

A

soma

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6
Q

alleles that show their effects even if there is only one allele for that trait in the pair

A

dominant alleles

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7
Q

nerve cells that recieve incoming sensory information from the sense orgams

A

sensory neurons

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8
Q

scientific study of therole of heredity in behavior

A

behavioral genetics

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9
Q

outer layer of the brain; one-tenth to one-fifth of an inch thick, yet much of human perception, thought, planning, and consciousness takes place here

A

cerebral cortex

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10
Q

alleles that show their effects only when both alleles are the same

A

recessive genes/recessive alleles

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11
Q

makes up the top and rear sections of the brain

A

important in the sensation and perception of toch, top and rear sections of the brain

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12
Q

largest lobe in the human brain, most common area of injury, in the front of the brain; carries out attention, problem-solving, abstract thinking, impulse control, creativity, and social awareness

A

frontal lobe

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13
Q

lies directly between the frontal and parietal lobes behind the ears, has many different functions but mainly hearing

A

temporal lobe

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14
Q

rear of the brain; used to see

A

occipital lobe

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15
Q

what does gaba stand for

A

gamma-aminobutyric

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16
Q

major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that tells the postsynaptic neurons not to fire, slows the cns activity, and is necessary to regulate and control neural activity.

A

GABA gamma-amminobutyric

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17
Q

neurons that communicate only with other neurons

A

interneurons

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18
Q

the left and right hemispheres make up the

A

cerebrum

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19
Q

hemisphere that processes information in a more focused and analytic manner

A

left

20
Q

hemisphere taht integrates information in a more holistic or broader manner

A

right

21
Q

neuron whose cell body is located in teh motor cortex, brainstem, or spinal cord

A

motorneuron

22
Q

often referred to as the body’s chemical messengers

A

neurotransmitter

23
Q

stress hormone produced by teh body to ensure that the body gets enough fuel during emotional arousal and stress

A

cortisol

24
Q

system of glands that secrete and regulate hormones in the body

A

endocrine system

25
Q

chemicals, secreted by glands, that travel in the bloodstream and carry messages to tissues and organs all around the body

A

hormones

26
Q

master endocrine gland of the body, controls teh release of hormones from glands throughout the body

A

pituitary gland

27
Q

endocrine structures that release hormones important in regulating the stress response and emotions

A

adrenal glands

28
Q

chemicals released from the adrenal glands that function as hormones and as neurotransmitters to control ans activation

A

catecholamines

29
Q

every human being is made up of them; they are the unit of life on earth

A

cells

30
Q

contains genetic information and genes

A

dna

31
Q

dna are all identical in their

A

chemical structures

32
Q

without — life on earth is not possible

A

dna

32
Q

controls the entire reproductive cycle and

A

sex hormones

32
Q

within how many hours does the fertilized egg begin to divide itself

A

24

33
Q

— in the sperm head carry genetic information that will be transmitted to the egg

A

enzyme inhibitors

34
Q

as a – divides, it moves towards the uterus

A

zygote

35
Q

after 5 days the fertilized egg is

A

blastocyst

36
Q

2 weeks the embryo’s head and – are at the top

A

brain

37
Q

after 4 weeks, the embryos eyes, — and— are clearly visible

A

arm, butt

38
Q

after 8 weeks, the embryo’s — and bones are well-defined

A

feet

39
Q

after 10 weeks the embryo is called a

A

fetus

40
Q

after 11 weeks the fetus is— long

A

2.5 in

41
Q

after 12 weeks the baby is — long

A

3 in

42
Q

after 15 weeks, the — organs are nearly completed

A

sensory organs

43
Q

after 16 weeks, the fetus is —inside the mother’s womb

A

actively moving

44
Q

factors that intervene with human growth and development

A

radiation, tight jeans, poor nutrition, smoking,

psych (4 decks)

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