bio 15

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

the genetic makeup of a cell or organism; the particular combination of alleles present in an individual

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

the expression of physical, behavior, or biochemical trait; an individual’s observable height, weight, eye color, and so forth. influenced by genotype and environment

Question 3

polymorphism

Answer 3

any genetic difference among individuals sufficiently common that it is likely to be present in a group of 50 randomly chosen individuals

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

the different forms of a gene, corresponding to different DNA sequences in each different form

Question 5

homozygous

Answer 5

describes an individual who inherits an allele of the same type from each parent, or genotype in which both alleles for a given gene are the same

Question 6

heterozygous

Answer 6

describes an individual who inherits different types of alleles from the parents, or genotypes in which the two alleles for a given gene are different

Question 7

SNP(single-nucleotide polymorphism)

Answer 7

A site in the gametes where a base pair differs among individuals in a population

Question 8

AA

Answer 8

normal ability to carry oxygen
normal blood cells
no malaria protection

Question 9

SS

Answer 9

very low ability to carry oxygen

sickle blood cells

Question 10

CC

Answer 10

slightly lower ability to carry oxygen
normal blood cells
strong malaria protection

Question 11

AS

Answer 11

reduced ability to carry oxygen
slightly abnormal blood cells
partial malaria protection

Question 12

AC

Answer 12

normal ability to carry oxygen
normal blood cells
good malaria protection

Question 13

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats

Answer 13

genetic difference in which the number of short repeated sequences of DNA differs from one chromosome to the next

Question 14

First-divison nondisjunction

Answer 14

not genetically identical
homogous fail to separate
2 gametes with extra chromosome, 2 with none
failure of bivalent in anaphase I fails to separate
failure of chromosome separation in meiosis I

Question 15

Second-divison nondisjunction

Answer 15

sister chromatids fail to separate
two copies of a chromosome end up in same gamete and are genetically identical
disjunction in the second meiotic division

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

can lead to lineages with extra or missing chromosomes, and can happen in meiosis I or II

Question 17

XYY, XXX

Answer 17

nondisjunction in sex chromosomes with no phenotype

Not normal genotype, normal phenotype

Question 18

XXY- klinefelter

X0- Tuner’s

Answer 18

nondisjunction in sex chromosomes with an effect on phenotype and disease associated with them

Question 19

Klinefelter

Answer 19

sex-chromosome abnormality in which an individual has 47 chromosomes, including two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. infertile male, small testes, some mental impairment

Question 20

Turner’s

Answer 20

A sex-chromosome abnormality in which an individual has 45 chromosomes including only one X chromosome
growth impaired female, usually normal cognition

Question 21

Autosomal

Answer 21

any chromosome other than the sex chromosome

Question 22

unequal meiosis , 1 haploid daughter cell, 3 polar bodies

Answer 22

female meiosis yields..

Question 23

equal meiosis, yeilds 4 haploid daughter cells

Answer 23

male meiosis yields..