BIO-145 EXAM 2 Flashcards
What is evolution
The way living things change over time
What is Coevolution
evolution of at least two species that depend on each other
What is the difference between coevolution and evolution
evolution is the change in the environment and coevolution is one specie changes along with the other specie to change in order to adapt
What is Allopatric
when two populations of the same species become isolated from each other due to geographic changes
What is sympatric
When two species are found in the same territory but are able to split in two different groups
How does allopatric occur
when geographic changes happen due to species being isolated from the same specie
How does sympatric occur
process of speciation within the same space
What are the kingdoms of life
archaebacteria : ancient bacteria;
able to live in harsh conditions.
Eubacteria: rest of the bacteria
Protista : single-celled organisms
Fungi: play lg. role as
decomposers
Plantae: autotrophs
Animalia : heterotrophs
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What is Charles Darwin Theory
The evolution through natural selection, species change slowly over time due to their environment
What is adaptation
The process when species become fitted for there environment
What is Dwain’s finches
14 species of finches that varied in shape and size of their beak
What is primary succession
ecological succession which plants and animals first habitat
What is secondary Succession
process of community growth and change after a habitat that is damaged
What is difference between secondary vs primary succession
primary succession starts on a barren surface while secondary succession begins in environment that already possess soil
What four things determine a niche
availability of sunlight predators, nutrients and terrain
Trophic rules
producer, consumer, decomposer
Mutualism
both partners benefit
Commensalisms
one partner benefits the other one is not helped or harmed
parasitism
one partner (parasite) benefits and the host is harmed
Mycorrhizae
specialized fungi and roots of plants
What is a defense mechanism of a plant
chemicals that are toxic or waxing coverings
What is a defense mechanism of a animal
fleeing
Structures: porcupine
Groups: herds
Chemical: skunks
Hide: camouflage
What is predator
an animal that obtains food and kills and consumes of other organisms
what is a prey
an animal that is caught and killed for food
What is species richeness
count or total number of unique species
What are examples of ecosystem services
water regulation, food production, freshwater supply
What is an ecosystem service
the benefits that are given by the ecosystem for the purpose of maintaining the well-being of humans.
What limiting resources
Climate, minerals in soil and salinity
What is a fundamental niche
an idealized niche; where it could play a role
if factors such as competition were not present
What is a realized niche
actual niche occupied due to restrictions such as: limiting resources, competitive exclusion and resource partitioning
What are examples of limiting resource’s
Food availability
What is intrepecific
existing or occurring between different species
What is intraspecific
is defined as the relationship of competition between organisms of the same species
what are the difference between intraspecific and interspecific
Intraspecific refers to interactions between individuals of the same species, while interspecific refers to interactions between two or more species
What are deep sea competition
Competition between individuals of the same species
Competition for resources
Competition for food
What is competitive exclusion principle
a state in which two species competing for the same resources cannot stably coexist if other ecological factors are constant
What is recourse partitioning
process where different species use resources in different ways to avoid competition and coexist in the same ecosystem
What is example of resource partitioning
Coral reefs
What is genetic variation
the differences in DNA sequences between individuals within a population of the same species
What is biodiversity
o the variety of life on Earth, encompassing all living things including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they inhabit
What is an example biodiversity
Tropical rainforest
What are keystone species
contribute to the success of other organisms, both producers and consumers
What is example of keystone example
Grey Wolf
why is the otter a keystone specie
Part of a trophic cascade, top down relationship, controlling an herbivore, sea urchin removing the sea otter would take away from the ecosystem services such as hiding spots along with removing oxygen from water
Bananas are doomed question off video
Problem with Tr-4 fungal disease, positive monoculture mass production, money negative of monoculture loss the whole crop, solutions crossbreeding, marketing other varieties. Instability
