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science 2 > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

air

A

the atmosphere

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2
Q

water

A

the hydrosphere

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3
Q

land

A

the lithosphere

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

is the part of the planet where living things exist

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

the ecosystem involves the interaction of biotic and abiotic things (non-living and living)

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6
Q

Do ecosystems vary in sizes?

A

Yes
they can vary from under a rock to an entire rainforest

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7
Q

population

A

a population is a group of species or animals living in the same area

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8
Q

a community

A

is made of different populations interacting with eachother

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9
Q

How do you mntain the balance of ecosystems?

A

Air is the key to ecosystems and is cycled throughout plants and animals.

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10
Q

what is the main energy source?

A

The Sun

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11
Q

what do plants do with light energy?

A

Since they are autotrophs, they convert the light energy to chemical energy using a process called photosynthesis

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12
Q

what are organisms that CANT make their own food?

A

Heterotrophs

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13
Q

cuticle

A

providing protection against external environmental stresses

can be located up the very top

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14
Q

upper epidermis

A

It helps protect the leaf in preventing water loss and provides an extra layer between the outside and inside of the leaf

2nd to the top / underneath cuticle

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15
Q

Palisade Mesophyl

A

where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.

3rd to the top / under upper epidermis

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16
Q

spongey mesophyl

A

helps the exchange of gases essential to the process of photosynthesis

circular / weirdly shaped.
under palisade mesophyl

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17
Q

stomata ( stoma )

A

involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere.

tiny hole in the plant

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18
Q

Guard cell

A

control the opening and closing of pores

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19
Q

xylem

A

carries water from the roots to all parts of the tree or plant.

the vascular system

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20
Q

phloem

A

transport and distribution of the organic nutrients.

the vascular system

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21
Q

what makes the plants green?

A

chlorophyll

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22
Q

what is glucose?

A

it helps the growth and repair of a plant

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23
Q

word equation for photosynthesis

A

light
carbon dioxide + water ———–> glucose + oxygen.
chlorophyl

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24
Q

celluar respiration

A

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells in plants and animals break down sugar and turn it into energy,

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25
Q

Do all living cells respire?

A

yes

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26
Q

Whats the energy in plants molecule, released as?

A

ATP

remember it as a Tint packet of energy

27
Q

where does cell respiration occur?

A

the mitochondria

28
Q

aerobic cellular respiration

A

Glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O = ATP

29
Q

What does aerobic respiration need?

A

oxygen

30
Q

What does anaerobic respiration not need?

A

oxygen

31
Q

fermentation

A

when fungi, bacteria and yeast use glucose to create energy

32
Q

Fermentation (word equation)

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

33
Q

competition

A

the rivalry between living things for territory, resources, goods, mates

34
Q

Predators

A
  • kill
  • catch
  • hunt
  • consume
    -benefit
35
Q

prey

A
  • hide
    -flee
  • adapt
  • victims
36
Q

what are ecosystems grouped by?

A

Trophic levels (feeding)

37
Q

what does the size of each animal level show?

A

their total ammount of energy

38
Q

When an animal is consumed what percentage of that animals energy is taken?

A

10%

39
Q
  1. primary source
A

Is like a plant or flower
(autortophs)

40
Q
  1. primary consumers
A
  • these are like bugs / consume plants
41
Q
  1. secondary consumers
A

like rats / consume bugs

42
Q

teritary consumer

A

lion/cats/dogs - eat the rat

43
Q

what are food chains?

A

a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

44
Q

what are food webs?

A

a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

45
Q

the seven nutrients

A
  1. carbon
  2. oxygen
  3. water
  4. potassium
  5. calcium
  6. nitrogen
  7. phosphorus
46
Q

conservation of mass

A

is neither created or destroyed

47
Q

conservation of energy

A

can be created but not destroyed

48
Q

the 5 steps of the water cycle

A

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

49
Q

combustion

A

a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat.

( this is what factories release into the atmosphere)

50
Q

Abiotic

A

a nonliving factor that can help shape the environment and its conditions
- water
-weather
-sun
-soil

51
Q

Biotic

A

living factor that can shape an enviroment

  • animals
    -plants
    -bugs
52
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

spongey + palisade mesophyl

52
Q

what does photosynthesis need

A

chlorophyl, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

52
Q

consumers

A

heterotrophs who need to eat, in order to survive.

52
Q

producers

A

usually autotrophs

53
Q

decomposer

A

a decomposer is a living thing that breaks down, plants, animals, or waste. In order to create a simpler substance. They are vital to the food chain.

54
Q

human impact

A
  • climate change
  • fossil fuels (combustion)
    -deforestation (habitat loss)
55
Q

environmental impact

A
  • light
  • temp
    -wind
  • natural disasters
56
Q

systematic error

A

not by chance but is because of an innaccuracy
observational error
(looking at something on a weird angle)

57
Q

random error

A

due to chance
- irregular changes in temp
(fluctuations in sun)

58
Q

dependant variables

A

is what changes, and what we measure

59
Q

independent variable

A

isnt changed nor is it measured / stands alone

60
Q

controlled variable

A

it is a consistent thing such as temp

science 2 (1 decks)

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