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FALL '13 > Bio 141 - CHPTR 19 > Flashcards

Bio 141 - CHPTR 19 Flashcards

0
Q

Pathology:

A

The study of disease

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0
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR lower than 60 bpm, caused endurance training, sleeping, meditation/relaxtion

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1
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR above 100 bpm, caused by stress, anxiety, drugs, heart diease

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2
Q

Etiology:

A

The study of the cause of a disease

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2
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of heart ( chambers pump blood out ) occurs @ .3 secs

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3
Q

Pathogenesis:

A

The development of disease

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3
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxtion phase of heart ( chambers fill with blood) occurs @ .5 secs

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4
Q

Infection:

A

Colonization of the body by pathogens

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5
Q

Disease:

A

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

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5
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

Pacemaker of the heart, sets hearts rhythm

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6
Q

Cells of intermodal pathway

A

Sends electrical signal through arterial myocardium, causes atrial systole (contraction)

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7
Q

Symbiosis

A

is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

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8
Q

mutualism

A

, both organisms benefit

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8
Q

AV Node

A

Electrical gateway to ventricles; electrical signal delayed allowing ventricles to completely fill.

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9
Q

commensalism,

A

one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

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9
Q

parasitism,

A

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

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9
Q

Electromechanical Coupling

A

Electrical signals control the mechanical events of the heart

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10
Q

Normally Sterile Areas of the Body

A
  • Inner ear
  • Lower respiratory tract
  • Blood
  • Central nervous system
  • Upper urinary tract
  • Uterus
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10
Q

Atrioventricular Bundle

A

Electrical signal down interventicular septum toward apex of heart

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11
Q

Probiotics

A

Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

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11
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Carries electrical signal up to ventricular myocardium causes ventricular systole (contraction)

12
Q

Communicable disease

A

A disease that is spread from one host to another

13
Q

: Contagious disease:

A

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

14
Q

Noncommunicable disease

A

: A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

15
Q

Endemic disease:

A

Disease constantly present in a population

16
Q

Epidemic disease:

A

Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

17
Q

Pandemic disease:

A

Worldwide epidemic

Think “pan”, SPANS across the world

18
Q

Herd immunity:

A

Immunity in MOST of a population

19
Q

Local infection:

A

Pathogens are LIMITED TO SMALL AREA of the body

20
Q

Systemic infection:

A

An infection THROUGHOUT the body

21
Q

Focal infection:

A

Systemic infection that began as a LOCAL infection

22
Q

Sepsis:

A

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

23
Q

Bacteremia:

A

Bacteria in the blood

24
Q

Septicemia:

A

Growth of bacteria in the blood

25
Q

Toxemia:

A

Toxins in the blood (e.g., tetanus)

26
Q

Viremia:

A

Viruses in the blood

27
Q

Primary infection:

A

Acute infection that causes the initial illness

28
Q

Secondary infection:

A

Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection (e.g., streptococcal bronchial pneumonia following flu)

29
Q

Subclinical disease:

A

No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)(e.g., poliovirus or hepatitus A)

30
Q

Predisposing factors:

A

make the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of a disease
= Gender, age, climate and weather, inadequate nutrition, pre-existing illness, chemotherapy

31
Q

Prodromal period:

A

relatively short period characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease (general aches) and certain very specific symptoms (Koplick’s spots in measles)

32
Q

Period of illness:

A

the time during which the disease is most acute

Patient shows overt signs and symptoms of disease

33
Q

Period of decline:

A

signs and symptoms of disease subside; vulnerable to 2ndary infection

34
Q

Period of convalescence:

A

person regains strength and body returns to its prediseased state

35
Q

Fomites

A 
Inanimate objects capable of transmitting agents of infectious disease
- Examples
= Soil
= Water
= Toys
= Sheets and linens
= IV fluids
= Contaminated syringes
36
Q

Direct: (Contact)

A

Requires close association between infected and susceptible host

37
Q

Indirect: (Contact)

A

Spread by fomites

38
Q

Droplet: (Contact)

A

Transmission via airborne droplets

39
Q

Compromised host:

A

one whose resistance is impaired by disease, therapy, or burns

40
Q

Nosocomial Infections

A
  • Are acquired as a result of a hospital stay
  • Affect 5–15% of all hospital patients; 36% increase in last 20 years
  • 8th leading cause of death in U.S.

FALL '13 (3 decks)

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