Bio 141 - CHPTR 19

Question 0

Pathology:

Answer 0

The study of disease

Question 0

Bradycardia

Answer 0

HR lower than 60 bpm, caused endurance training, sleeping, meditation/relaxtion

Question 1

Tachycardia

Answer 1

HR above 100 bpm, caused by stress, anxiety, drugs, heart diease

Question 2

Etiology:

Answer 2

The study of the cause of a disease

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

Contraction phase of heart ( chambers pump blood out ) occurs @ .3 secs

Question 3

Pathogenesis:

Answer 3

The development of disease

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

Relaxtion phase of heart ( chambers fill with blood) occurs @ .5 secs

Question 4

Infection:

Answer 4

Colonization of the body by pathogens

Question 5

Disease:

Answer 5

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Question 5

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

Answer 5

Pacemaker of the heart, sets hearts rhythm

Question 6

Cells of intermodal pathway

Answer 6

Sends electrical signal through arterial myocardium, causes atrial systole (contraction)

Question 7

Symbiosis

Answer 7

is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

Question 8

mutualism

Answer 8

, both organisms benefit

Question 8

AV Node

Answer 8

Electrical gateway to ventricles; electrical signal delayed allowing ventricles to completely fill.

Question 9

commensalism,

Answer 9

one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

Question 9

parasitism,

Answer 9

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

Question 9

Electromechanical Coupling

Answer 9

Electrical signals control the mechanical events of the heart

Question 10

Normally Sterile Areas of the Body

Answer 10

• Inner ear
• Lower respiratory tract
• Blood
• Central nervous system
• Upper urinary tract
• Uterus

Question 10

Atrioventricular Bundle

Answer 10

Electrical signal down interventicular septum toward apex of heart

Question 11

Probiotics

Answer 11

Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

Question 11

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 11

Carries electrical signal up to ventricular myocardium causes ventricular systole (contraction)

Question 12

Communicable disease

Answer 12

A disease that is spread from one host to another

Question 13

: Contagious disease:

Answer 13

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

Question 14

Noncommunicable disease

Answer 14

: A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

Question 15

Endemic disease:

Answer 15

Disease constantly present in a population

Question 16

Epidemic disease:

Answer 16

Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

Question 17

Pandemic disease:

Answer 17

Worldwide epidemic | Think "pan", SPANS across the world

Question 18

Herd immunity:

Answer 18

Immunity in MOST of a population

Question 19

Local infection:

Answer 19

Pathogens are LIMITED TO SMALL AREA of the body

Question 20

Systemic infection:

Answer 20

An infection THROUGHOUT the body

Question 21

Focal infection:

Answer 21

Systemic infection that began as a LOCAL infection

Question 22

Sepsis:

Answer 22

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

Question 23

Bacteremia:

Answer 23

Bacteria in the blood

Question 24

Septicemia:

Answer 24

Growth of bacteria in the blood

Question 25

Toxemia:

Answer 25

Toxins in the blood (e.g., tetanus)

Question 26

Viremia:

Answer 26

Viruses in the blood

Question 27

Primary infection:

Answer 27

Acute infection that causes the initial illness

Question 28

Secondary infection:

Answer 28

Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection (e.g., streptococcal bronchial pneumonia following flu)

Question 29

Subclinical disease:

Answer 29

No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)(e.g., poliovirus or hepatitus A)

Question 30

Predisposing factors:

Answer 30

make the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of a disease = Gender, age, climate and weather, inadequate nutrition, pre-existing illness, chemotherapy

Question 31

Prodromal period:

Answer 31

relatively short period characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease (general aches) and certain very specific symptoms (Koplick’s spots in measles)

Question 32

Period of illness:

Answer 32

the time during which the disease is most acute | Patient shows overt signs and symptoms of disease

Question 33

Period of decline:

Answer 33

signs and symptoms of disease subside; vulnerable to 2ndary infection

Question 34

Period of convalescence:

Answer 34

person regains strength and body returns to its prediseased state

Question 35

Fomites

Answer 35

``` Inanimate objects capable of transmitting agents of infectious disease - Examples = Soil = Water = Toys = Sheets and linens = IV fluids = Contaminated syringes ```

Question 36

Direct: (Contact)

Answer 36

Requires close association between infected and susceptible host

Question 37

Indirect: (Contact)

Answer 37

Spread by fomites

Question 38

Droplet: (Contact)

Answer 38

Transmission via airborne droplets

Question 39

Compromised host:

Answer 39

one whose resistance is impaired by disease, therapy, or burns

Question 40

Nosocomial Infections

Answer 40

- Are acquired as a result of a hospital stay - Affect 5–15% of all hospital patients; 36% increase in last 20 years - 8th leading cause of death in U.S.