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BIO 130 > BIO 130 Chapters 1-4 Exam > Flashcards

BIO 130 Chapters 1-4 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Fertilization

A

the joining of sperm and egg

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2
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

generation of genetically unique offspring as a result of the joining of sperm cell and egg

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3
Q

Fission

A

a process where a parent separates into two or more organisms of roughly equal size

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4
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

generation of genetically identical offspring from a single parent

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5
Q

Budding

A

form of asexual reproduction in which an outgrowth appears on the parent, breaks off and becomes a new indivudual

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6
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

form of asexual reproduction in which females lay unfertilized eggs that will develop

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7
Q

Gametes

A

an egg or sperm cell

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8
Q

External Fertilization

A

joining of gametes outside of the body

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9
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

joining of gametes inside the body; internal fertilization if facilitated by specialized sex organs

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10
Q

Zygote

A

a single cell that results from fertilization

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11
Q

Clones

A

genetically identical offspring

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

the organelle that uses glucose to produce ATP (metabolic energy) in a cell

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13
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A

membranous organelle that makes lipids and removes toxins from the cell

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14
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A

membranous organelle that contains ribosomes; it produces the components of the plasma membrane and proteins

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

unwound DNA

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages cellular products for transport within or out of the cell

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17
Q

Chromosomes

A

densely packaged, rod-shaped genetic material (DNA)

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18
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

a simple cell that does not contain membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Cell

A

the smallest part of an organism that is considered to be a living things

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20
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

metabolic energy within a cell

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21
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

found in plants, fungi, algae, and animals

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

an organelle that contains DNA

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23
Q

Ribosome

A

organelles that synthesize proteins

24
Q

Organelles

A

membrane bound structures that perform specialized functions in a cell

25
Q

Genetic Material

A

instructions for the cell on how to make different kinds of proteins

26
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

separates the inside of the cell from the external environment and only allows particular substances to move through it

27
Q

Homologous

A

term describing chromosomes of the same size and shaper and containing the same genes

28
Q

Telephase

A

step of mitosis characterized by the reappearance of the nuclear envelope and the formation of chromatin

29
Q

Chromatin

A

loosely arranged genetic material and protein

30
Q

Mitotic Spindles

A

a protein scaffold that will pull the chromosomes towards opposite sides of the cell

31
Q

Chromatids

A

form of condensed DNA that consists of a duplicated pair of chromosomes

32
Q

Centromere

A

a protein that connects two chromatids

33
Q

Cytokinesis

A

step of mitosis characterized by division of cytoplasm

34
Q

Prophase

A

step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears

34
Q

Prophase

A

step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears

34
Q

Prophase

A

step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears

35
Q

Anaphase

A

step of mitosis characterized by separation of chromatids

36
Q

Metaphase

A

step of mitosis characterized by the appearance of centrioles, the formation of mitotic spindles and chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell

37
Q

Interphase

A

stage of the cell cycle which cell growth, production of proteins and replication of DNA occurs

38
Q

Diploid

A

a cell that contains a set of chromosomes of paternal origin and a set of chromosomes of maternal origin

39
Q

Mitosis

A

a form of cell division that produces genetically identical cells

40
Q

Interphase (Meiosis)

A

step of meiosis characterized by the duplication of genetic material, cell growth, and the production of proteins

41
Q

Meiosis

A

cell division in which a diploid cell divides twice to produce genetically distinct haploid gametes

42
Q

Haploid

A

a cell containing a single set of chromosomes of paternal or maternal origin

43
Q

Cytokinesis II

A

step of the second round of meiosis characterized by division of cytoplasm resulting in four haploid cells

44
Q

Telophase I

A

step of the first round of meiosis characterized by decondensing chromosomes and the nuclear envelope reappears

45
Q

Metaphase I

A

step of the first round of meiosis characterized by tetrads lining up along the equator of a cell

46
Q

Crossing Over

A

process that allows recombination of genetic information across chromatid

47
Q

Anaphase II

A

step of the second round of meiosis characterized by separation of chromatids

48
Q

Prophase I

A

step of the first round of meiosis characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and the condensing of chromatin into chromosome

49
Q

Telophase II

A

step of the second round of meiosis characterized by decondensing of chromosomes and the nuclear envelope reappears

50
Q

Prophase II

A

step of the second round of meiosis characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and the condensing of chromatin into chromosomes

51
Q

Tetrads

A

genetic material consisting of duplicated, homologous chromosomes

52
Q

Metaphase II

A

step of the second round of meiosis characterized by

53
Q

Anaphase I

A

step of the first round of meiosis characterized by separation of homologous chromosomes

BIO 130 (1 decks)

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