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BIO 130 > BIO 130 Chapters 1-4 Exam > Flashcards

BIO 130 Chapters 1-4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization

A

the joining of sperm and egg

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2
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

generation of genetically unique offspring as a result of the joining of sperm cell and egg

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3
Q

Fission

A

a process where a parent separates into two or more organisms of roughly equal size

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4
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

generation of genetically identical offspring from a single parent

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5
Q

Budding

A

form of asexual reproduction in which an outgrowth appears on the parent, breaks off and becomes a new indivudual

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6
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

form of asexual reproduction in which females lay unfertilized eggs that will develop

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7
Q

Gametes

A

an egg or sperm cell

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8
Q

External Fertilization

A

joining of gametes outside of the body

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9
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

joining of gametes inside the body; internal fertilization if facilitated by specialized sex organs

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10
Q

Zygote

A

a single cell that results from fertilization

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11
Q

Clones

A

genetically identical offspring

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

the organelle that uses glucose to produce ATP (metabolic energy) in a cell

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13
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A

membranous organelle that makes lipids and removes toxins from the cell

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14
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A

membranous organelle that contains ribosomes; it produces the components of the plasma membrane and proteins

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

unwound DNA

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages cellular products for transport within or out of the cell

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17
Q

Chromosomes

A

densely packaged, rod-shaped genetic material (DNA)

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18
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

a simple cell that does not contain membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Cell

A

the smallest part of an organism that is considered to be a living things

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20
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

metabolic energy within a cell

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21
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

found in plants, fungi, algae, and animals

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

an organelle that contains DNA

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23
Q

Ribosome

A

organelles that synthesize proteins

24
Q

Organelles

A

membrane bound structures that perform specialized functions in a cell

25
Genetic Material
instructions for the cell on how to make different kinds of proteins
26
Plasma Membrane
separates the inside of the cell from the external environment and only allows particular substances to move through it
27
Homologous
term describing chromosomes of the same size and shaper and containing the same genes
28
Telephase
step of mitosis characterized by the reappearance of the nuclear envelope and the formation of chromatin
29
Chromatin
loosely arranged genetic material and protein
30
Mitotic Spindles
a protein scaffold that will pull the chromosomes towards opposite sides of the cell
31
Chromatids
form of condensed DNA that consists of a duplicated pair of chromosomes
32
Centromere
a protein that connects two chromatids
33
Cytokinesis
step of mitosis characterized by division of cytoplasm
34
Prophase
step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears
34
Prophase
step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears
34
Prophase
step of mitosis where chromatin becomes compacted and the nuclear envelope disappears
35
Anaphase
step of mitosis characterized by separation of chromatids
36
Metaphase
step of mitosis characterized by the appearance of centrioles, the formation of mitotic spindles and chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell
37
Interphase
stage of the cell cycle which cell growth, production of proteins and replication of DNA occurs
38
Diploid
a cell that contains a set of chromosomes of paternal origin and a set of chromosomes of maternal origin
39
Mitosis
a form of cell division that produces genetically identical cells
40
Interphase (Meiosis)
step of meiosis characterized by the duplication of genetic material, cell growth, and the production of proteins
41
Meiosis
cell division in which a diploid cell divides twice to produce genetically distinct haploid gametes
42
Haploid
a cell containing a single set of chromosomes of paternal or maternal origin
43
Cytokinesis II
step of the second round of meiosis characterized by division of cytoplasm resulting in four haploid cells
44
Telophase I
step of the first round of meiosis characterized by decondensing chromosomes and the nuclear envelope reappears
45
Metaphase I
step of the first round of meiosis characterized by tetrads lining up along the equator of a cell
46
Crossing Over
process that allows recombination of genetic information across chromatid
47
Anaphase II
step of the second round of meiosis characterized by separation of chromatids
48
Prophase I
step of the first round of meiosis characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and the condensing of chromatin into chromosome
49
Telophase II
step of the second round of meiosis characterized by decondensing of chromosomes and the nuclear envelope reappears
50
Prophase II
step of the second round of meiosis characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and the condensing of chromatin into chromosomes
51
Tetrads
genetic material consisting of duplicated, homologous chromosomes
52
Metaphase II
step of the second round of meiosis characterized by
53
Anaphase I
step of the first round of meiosis characterized by separation of homologous chromosomes

BIO 130 (1 decks)

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